Inhaltsverzeichnis

Vorwort

Preface

The papers in this volume cover the major areas of recent research activity in the fields of ultrafast optics and applications of high field and short wavelength sources, and these have been selected to provide an overview of the current state of the art. The contributions were solicited from the participants of the Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources XI, Nara, Japan, September 2005. Merging two historic conferences was proposed, and also supported by the common members of the two communities, because the contents of both the conferences are now getting closer. Attosecond pulses are closely related to short wavelength sources and ultrafast optics and high-field physics are on the same technology base.

Recent progress in ultrafast optics provides carrier envelope phase stabilized pulses reaching to a quasi monocycle. These pulses are amplified by a new scheme using parametric process to an optical field of which strength is comparable to the binding forces of electrons in atoms and molecules. This allows to manipulate events on atomic and molecular dynamics. The intensity of the zettawatt/cm² (10²¹ W/cm²) range opens the door to relativistic nonlinear optics and particle acceleration. Ultrafast intense light sources extend new wavelength range and thus make it possible generate of attosecond pulses in the XUV and soft X-ray spectral region, which enables to observe and manipulate the electron motion in atoms, molecules, and even during chemical reactions. Other technologies are also arising, such as terahertz (THz) radiation and X-ray pulse generation with applications in chemistry and biology.

We are greatly indebted to Teruto Kanai, University of Tokyo, for organizing and editing contributions to this book. We thank Japan Society for Promotion of Science, The Ogasawara Foundation for the Promotion of Science & Engineering, Nara Convention Bureau, and The Futaba Electronics Memorial Foundation for the financial support. And, of course, thanks to all the authors for allowing this book to cover the most exciting activities at the frontiers of this field.

Tokyo, Japan, Shuntaro Watanabe

Saitama, Japan, Katsumi Midorikawa

January 2006

Klappentext

Springer Series in Optical Sciences 132

S. Watanabe, K. Midorikawa, Editors

Ultrafast Optics V

This book includes the most up-to date results present at Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and short Wavelength Sources XI. The volume contains plenary and invited contributions together with carefully selected regular contributions. This book aims at the highest level of presentation to make it useful as a reference for those working in the field.

The accompanying CD-ROM contains many figures from the book in full color.

ISBN 978-O-387-49II7-2

Autor

Shuntaro Watanabe
Institute for Solid State Physics
University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8581
Chiba, Japan
watanabe@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Katsumi Midorikawa
Laser Technology Laboratory
RIKEN, Laser Technology Laboratory
2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi
Saitama 351-0198
Saitama, Japan
kmidori@postman.riken.go.jp

Contributors

M. Adachi Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan and Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan

Shunsuke Adachi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

P. Agostini CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Yutaka Akahane Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215,Japan

Selçuk Aktürk School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga 30332-0430, USA

O. Albert Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

C. Altucci Coherentia-CNR-INFM and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Université di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy

Gregor Angelow Nano-Layers, Optical Coatings GmbH, Maarweg 30, 53619 Rheinbreitbach, Germany

Makoto Aoyama Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

M. Ashida Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan

F. Augé-Rochereau Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

M. Baba The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

Mark Baertschy Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA

A. Baltŭska Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

Randy A. Bartels Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1320, USA

C. P. J. Barty Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA

E. Benedetti National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

Toshiaki Bessho Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Kojiritsuki, Hitotsugi-cho, Kariya 4480003,Japan

Jonathan R. Birge Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA

A. A. Bjeoumikhov IfG-Institute for Scientific Instruments GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29/31, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

C. Le Blanc Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA and Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France

Curtis G. Brown Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA

S. V. Bulanov Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan and A. M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiypereulok, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia

Sergei Bulanov Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Souraku, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and A. M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia

F. Burgy Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Hyunil Byun Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

F. Calegari National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

Shiying Cao Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

B. Carré CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

M. A. Cataluna GoLP/Centro de Fisica de Plasmas, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1,1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KYI6 9SS, Scotland

J-P. Caumes National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

Lu Chai Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

J.-P. Chambaret Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Sunanda Chatterjee Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (Deemed University), Durgapur 713209, India

L. M. Chen Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemida, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

II. Woo Choi Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea,

G. Chériaux Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France and Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée ENSTA, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France and Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

H. Crespo CLOQ/Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

H. Daido Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Arif Demir University of Kocaeli Department of Physics 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey and University of Kocaeli Laser Technologies Research and Application Center 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey

Yuqiang Deng Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

M. S. Dimamay National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

G. Diwa Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

Gilbert Diwa Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 4448585, Japan

Q. L. Dong Institute of Physics and China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

Christopher A. Ebbers Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA

Richard Ell Nano-Layers, Optical Coatings GmbH, Maarweg 30, 53619 Rheinbreitbach, Germany and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA

T. Zh. Esirkepov Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia

Timur Esirkepov Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Souraku, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia

Frédéric Estable AMPLITUDE TECHNOLOGIES, 2, rue du Bois Chaland, 91029 EVRY, France

E. Estacio Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

E. S. Estacio National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

J. Etchepare Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

N.Forget Fastlite, Bat 403, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France

Nicolas Forget Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA and Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, École Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France

L. J. Frasinski The University of Reading, J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 220, Reading RG6 6AF, UK

T. Fujii Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 240-0196, Japan

T. Fuji Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D85748 Garching, Germany

Tsuguo Fukuda Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

Yuji Fukuda Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 6190215, Japan

A. Fukumi Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan

Kentaro Furusawa Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Pablo Gabolde School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430 USA

A. Galvanauskas University of Michigan,College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1301 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor, 48109-2122, Michigan, USA

R. A. Ganeev The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

Ariel Gordon Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Gregory M. Greetham AMPLITUDE TECHNOLOGIES, 2, rue du Bois Chaland, 91029 EVRY, France

Xun Gu School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga 303320430, USA

E. Gustafsson Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

Constantin Haefner Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89506, USA

Y. Hama Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

Klaus Hartinger Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1320, USA

Hirokazu Hasegawa Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

C. P. Hauri Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Keisuke Hayakawa Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Y. Hayashi Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

E. Heesel The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK

Huber Heinz High Q Laser Production GmbH, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 61, A-6845 Hohenems, Austria

Y. Hironaka Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, 4259 Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

Tomoya Hirosumi Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Kojiritsuki, Hitotsugi-cho, Kariya 4480003,Japan

Akiyoshi Hishikawa Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033

R. Holzwarth Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Menlo Systems GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, D-85152 Martinsried, Germany

Kyung-Han Hong Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

J. Y. Huang Department of Photonics and Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC

Yo Ichikawa Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Gokiso, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan

Takamasa Ichino Department of Quantum Engineering and Systems Science, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

F. Ö. Ilday Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Totaro Imasaka Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

J. Irisawa Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, 4259 Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

N. Ishii Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D85748, Garching, Germany

Kenichi L. Ishikawa Department of Quantum Engineering and Systems Science, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656,Japan

K. Ishioka National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan

Atsushi Ishizawa NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

R. Itakura Department of Chemistry, School of Science,The University of Tokyo, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033

E. Itoga National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

T. Itoh Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan

K. A. Janulewicz Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D12489 Berlin, Germany

Christian Jirauschek Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

P. Johnsson Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

R. Jason Jones JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB Boulder, CO 80309

Igor Jovanovic Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Mail Code L-470, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA

A. Jullien Thaïes Laser, RD 128, Domaine de Corbeville, 91400 Orsay, France and Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Elif Kacar University of Kocaeli Department of Physics 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey

M. Kado Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

N. Kajumba The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK

Masayuki Kakehata National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

M. Kaku RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Teruto Kanai Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

M. Kando Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemida, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

F. Kannari Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan

D. Kaplan Fastlite, Bat 403, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France

Franz X. Kärtner Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 021394307, USA and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

H. Kataura National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

S. Kato National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan

S. Kazaoui National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

Yuichiro Kida Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

R. Kienberger Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

Chul Min Kim Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center, KAIST, 373-1, Kuseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

Hyung Taek Kim Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center, KAIST, 373-1, Kuseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

I Jong Kim Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center, KAIST, 373-1, Kuseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

Jung-Won Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Hiromitsu Kiriyama Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215,Japan

K. Kitajima National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan

Do-Kyeong Ko Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

Takayoshi Kobayashi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Yohei Kobayashi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

R. Kodama Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

James Koga Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Souraku, Kyoto 619-0215,Japan

S. Köhler Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

K. Kondo Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 26 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, 4259 Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

Daniel Kopf High Q Laser Production GmbH, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 61, A-6845 Hohenems, Austria

Sergei Kostritsa Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

Atsushi Kosuge Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

H. Kotaki Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemida, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

S. Kourtev Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, 5 J. Bourchier Boulevard, BG-1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

K. Koyama National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan

F. Krausz Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

Alexis V. Kudryashov Moscow State Open University, Sudostroitelnaya Str. 18, Bld.5, Moscow, 115407 Russia

Pathik Kumbhakar Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (Deemed University), Durgapur 713209, India

Sertan Kurnali Zonguldak Karaelmas University Department of Physics 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey

H. Kuroda The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

Liying Lang Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

N. Langhoff IfG-Institute for Scientific Instruments GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29/31, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

Max J. Lederer High Q Laser Production GmbH, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 61, A-6845 Hohenems, Austria

Chao-Kuei Lee Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, ROC

Dongjoo Lee School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga 30332-0430, USA

Gae Hwang Lee Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center, KAIST, 373-1, Kuseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

Jongmin Lee Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

H. Legall Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D12489 Berlin, Germany

Yuxin Leng State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China.

A. L'Huillier Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

Ruxin Li State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China

Shuxin Li Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Y. T. Li Institute of Physics and China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

Z. Li Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555,Japan

Xiaoyan Liang State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China

R. Lopez-Martens Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France and Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France and Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

Jinglong Ma Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 6190215, Japan

H. Maeda Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

Y. Mairesse CE A/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gifsur-Yvette, France

J. P. Marangos The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK

Omid Masihzadeh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1320, USA

S. Masuda National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan

J. N. Mateo National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

Lia Matos Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

J. Mauritsson Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

J. T. Mendonça GoLP/Centro de Fisica de Plasmas, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, CCLRC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, England

H. Merdji CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

T. Metzger Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

Th. Metzger Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany

K. Midorikawa RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 3510198, Japan

K. Mima Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

N. Minami National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

Shinichirou Minemoto Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

N.Minkovski Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, 5 J. Bourchier Boulevard, BG-1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

K. Minoshima National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

E. Miura National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan

K. Miyashita National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

Kevin Moll JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB Boulder, CO 80309, USA

P. Monchicourt CE A/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

M. Mori Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Ryuji Morita Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan

T. Morita Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Gérard Mourou Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de techniques avances, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

H. Murakami Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 4448585, Japan

Yasuo Nabekawa Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Masaya Nagai Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

Yutaka Nagata RIKEN, Laser technology laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Yoshiki Nakai Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 6190215,Japan

K. Nakajima Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemida, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Japan

Takashi Nakajima Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan and Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan

K. G. Nakamura Institute of Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan

S. Nakamura Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

Hidetoshi Nakano NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

Masaharu Nakazawa Department of Quantum Engineering and Systems Science, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

Chang Hee Nam Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center, KAIST, 373-1, Kuseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

Keisuke Narita Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan

T. Nayuki Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 240-0196, Japan

K. Nemoto Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 240-0196, Japan

P. V. Nickles Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D12489 Berlin, Germany

Tadashi Nishikawa NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

Hajime Nishioka Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

M. Nishiuchi Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215,Japan

M. Nisoli National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

A. Noda Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

Young-Chul Noh Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

Hiraku Ogino Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

K. Ogura Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Katsuya Oguri NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

Hideyuki Ohtake Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Kojiritsuki, Hitotsugi-cho, Kariya 4480003,Japan

Y. Oishi Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 240-0196, Japan

Yasuaki Okano NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

Tomoya Okino Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Thomas Oksenhendler FASTLITE, Bât 403, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France

S. Ono Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

S. Orimo Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Ci-Ling Pan Department of Photonics and Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC

A. S. Pirozhkov Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Division of Optics, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia and Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Division of Optics, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia

Romeric Pobre Department of Physics, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines

L. Poletto Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-Ray Optical Research - CNR-INFM, D.E.I. - Universit à di Padova, Padova, Italy

Carlito Ponseca Jr. Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

A.Quema Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and Department of Physics, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines

F. D. Recoleto Jr. National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

T. Remetter Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

A. Renault Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée ENSTA, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France and Amplitude Technologies, 2 rue du Bois Chaland, CE 2926, 91029 Evry cedex, France

G. Delos Reyes Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 4448585,Japan

J. P. Rousseau Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France

A. Sagisaka Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

N. Saito National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan

S. Saito KARC, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan

J. Saitoh Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, 4259 Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

Hirofumi Sakai Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

K. Sakai KARC, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan

Y. Sakakibara National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

P. Salières CE A/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, Bât. 522, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

S. M.Saltiel Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, 5 J. Bourchier Boulevard, BG-1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

A. A. Salvador National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines and National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines

G. Sansone National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

A. dos Santos Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées, École Polytechnique, F91761 Palaiseau, France

N. Sarukura Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

T. R. Schibli National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

Thomas R. Schibli Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Wolfgang Seitz High Q Laser (US), Inc., 118 Waltham Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA

Taro Sekikawa Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

Julia V. Sheldakova Moscow State Open University, Sudostroitelnaya Str. 18, Bld.5, Moscow, 115407, Russia

Toshihiko Shimizu Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

H. Shimosato Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan

T. Shioyama Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan

S. De Silvestri National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

A. S. Somintac National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines and National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines

S. Stagira National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

H. Stiel Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D12489 Berlin, Germany

A. Suda RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Toshiharu Sugiura Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Kojiritsuki, Hitotsugi-cho, Kariya 4480003, Japan

Jae Hee Sung Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

M. Suzuki The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

Atsushi Syouji KARC, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan

T. Tajima Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1 Umemida, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Hideyuki Takada National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

K. A. Tanaka Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

Koichiro Tanaka Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

M. Tanimoto Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan

C. Y. Teisset Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany

Takahiro Teramoto Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Michael Thorpe JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB Boulder, CO 80309, USA

M. V. Tognetti CLOQ/Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

M. Tokumoto National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan

Hitoshi Tomita Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Kenji Torizuka National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

R. Torres The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK

Pierre Tournois FASTLITE, Bât 403, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France

Rick Trebino School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga 30332-0430, USA

Koichi Tsuji Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 6190215,Japan

J. Tümmler Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D12489 Berlin, Germany

L. Turi Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D85748, Garching, Germany

Ken-ichi Ueda Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Kiyoshi Ueda Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

T. Utsumi Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi, Daigaku-dori 1-1-1, Onoda city, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan

K. Varjú Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

R. Velotta Coherentia-CNR-INFM and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universit à di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy

P. Villoresi Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-Ray Optical Research - CNR-INFM, D.E.I. - Universit à di Padova, Padova, Italy

C. Vozzi National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR - INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy

Ching-yue Wang Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Ziyang Wang School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga 30332-0430, USA

Shuntaro Watanabe Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan and Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

T. Watanabe Utsunomiya University, 7-1 -2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan

Benoit Wattelier Phasics, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, Bat.404, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Zubin Wu Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Qirong Xing Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

M. H. Xu Institute of Physics and China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

Zhizhan Xu State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China

M.Yamagiwa Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan

Koichi Yamakawa Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Yoichi Yamamoto Advanced Photon Research Center, KANSAI Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

K. Yamanouchi Department of Chemistry, School of Science,The University of Tokyo, Japan and Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Mikio Yamashita Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi-8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan

H. Yazawa Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan

Jun Ye JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB Boulder, CO 80309, USA

A. Yogo Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan

Makoto Yoshida Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Kojiritsuki, Hitotsugi-cho, Kariya 4480003,Japan

Akira Yoshikawa Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

Dai Yoshitomi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

Tae Jun Yu Femto-Science Group, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

Shin-ichi Zaitsu Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

J. Zhang Institute of Physics and China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

Zhigang Zhang Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China and Institute of Quantum Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Zing-Yung Zhang Department of Physics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA

A.M. Zheltikov Physics Department, M. V Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 11992, Russia

Xiangyu Zhou Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan

A. Zoubir Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan