Inhaltsverzeichnis

Vorwort

Preface

Hardly any other term in the field of biotechnology has been the subject of so much discussion among experts as white biotechnology at present. This term is an alias for "industrial biotechnology," an already established "heavyweight" that focuses on the production of the most diverse products (bulk and fine chemicals, enzymes, food and animal feed additives, pharmaceutically active substances and agrochemicals, auxiliary agents for process industries, etc.).

In some segments, white biotechnology has already captured leading market positions:

• In recent years the annual biotechnological production of amino acids exceeded one million tons.

• In vitamin production there have been several recent cases of a changeover from a chemical to a biotechnological synthesis process, a trend that is expected to increase.

• During the last 10 years the market volume for enzymes has increased by 50%.

• The successful launch of polylactide marked white biotechnology's breakthrough into the field of polymers and synthetics.

Today crude oil is the most important energy source and the most widely used chemical raw material. Both primary industry and polymer chemistry currently depend to a great extent on oil. However, it is only a matter of time before the world's oil reserves are depleted. Almost all studies presented to date agree that peak oil, i.e. the point in time when oil extraction reaches its highest level, will take place in the first half of the present century. The increasingly difficult development of new sources of oil have triggered initiatives worldwide to reduce national dependence on oil imports.

To summarize, there is no long-term alternative to developing a technology based firmly on renewable resources and industrial biotechnology may offer various solutions in this field. The tremendous pace of progress in the field of molecular biology has provided an unprecedented and promising launching pad for the development of further industrially relevant biocatalysts. Simultaneously, bioprocess engineering know-how is supporting efficient process development from titer plate format to shaker flasks to industrial scale. Thus, in principle, a basis exists for accelerating the development of new industrial bioprocesses in parallel with all disciplines concerned. In this book authors from different scientific and business areas of industrial biotechnology aim to give you an overview of the state of the art and ongoing developments.

Frankfurt and Kaiserslautern, October 2006

Dieter Sell

Roland Ulber

Klappentext

ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY

White Biotechnology

Volume Editors R. Ulber • D. Sell

D. Peters

Raw Materials

J.-L. Reymond • P. Babiak

Screening Systems

T.Schäfer et aI.

Industrial Enzymes

L. Hilterhaus • A. Liese

Building Blocks

B. Kamm • M. Kamm

Biorefineries - Multi Product Processes

D. Weuster-Botz D. Hekmat • R. Puskeiler • E. Franco-Lara

Enabling Technologies: Fermentation and Downstream Processing

T. Becker • B. Hitzmann K. Muffler • R. Pörtner K.F. Reardon • F. Stahl • R.Ulber

Future Aspects of Bioprocess Monitoring

ISBN 978-3-540-45695-7

springer.com

Register

Subject Index

A

Acylase 36
Adrenaline assay 45
Affinity filtration 205
- , proteins 232
Agar plate assays 34
Alcohol dehydrogenases 39, 40, 50
Alcohols 18
Aldolases 37
- , antibodies 34
Amidases 44 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin 39
Aminopeptidase 39
Amylopectin, biotinylated 49
Animal fat 16
Animal feed additives 109, 117
APIZYM 51 2-Aryloxyketones 42
Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase 51
- glucoamylase 49
Asymmetric products, whole cells 142
Asymmetric synthesis 133, 141
Azo-dyes 34

B

Baking 108
Beta-lactam antibiotics, white
biotechnology 119
Biobased industrial products 175
Biocatalysis 134
Biochemical systems 217
Bioethanol 96, 101
Biogenic raw material 175
Biomass, availability 20
Bioprocess design 205, 208
Bioreactors, parallel 205
Biorefineries 175, 179
Biosensor arrays 254
Biosensors 249, 252
Biotechnological synthesis 138
Bromonaphthol 35
Building blocks 133

C

Calcein 44
Candida viscosum lipase 44
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) 49
Carbohydrate-based raw materials 2
Carbohydrates 1
Cell cultures, enzyme activities 33
Cellulases 43
Chemosensor arrays 254
Chemosensors 253
Chorismate mutases 36
Chromatography 49, 205
Chromogenic substrates 39
Control coefficients 224
Cyclohexanone monoxygenases 50

D

Dehydrogenases 37
Detergents 63, 73
Diacetoxycyclopentene 51 3, 3'-Diaminobenzidine 35
DIOS-MS 52
Dishwashing detergents 63
Diversity input/output 123, 124
DNA microarrays 48, 259
Downstream processing 228

E

Environmental benefits 108, 117, 122
Enzyme discovery 59
Enzyme kinetic models 205, 219
Enzyme-coupled assays 37
Enzymes, asymmetric products 151
- industrial 59
- organic synthesis 118
- screening systems 33
Epoxide hydrolases 45
Esterases 34, 39, 47
Ethers/esters, chromogenic/fluorogenic 40

F

Fat-based raw materials 14
Fats 1
Fatty acids 16
Fed-batch cultures, OLFO 279
Feed enzymes 59
Fermentation process economics 21
FIA measurement signals 270
Flow injection analysis 269
Fluorescein isothiocyanate 50
Fluorescence spectroscopy 258
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) 36, 37
Fluorogenic substrates 39
Food 102
Food enzymes 59
Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate 38
FTIR spectroscopy 53, 256

G

Galactosidase 35, 36
Gas chromatography (GC) 49
Gene expression analysis 262
Glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate 38
Glycerol 1, 17
Green biorefinery 175, 195
Green fluorescent protein 36

H

High pressure liquid chromatography
- (HPLC) 49
High-throughput screening, microtiter
- plates/microarrays 37
HIV-protease assay 43
Horse radish peroxidase 35
Hydrocarbons 20
Hydrolases 37

I

Indican 34
Indigo 34
Infrared radiation 53
Instrumental enzyme assays 49
Inulin-based feedstock 8
Isatis tinctoria 34
Isomerases 37

K

Kinases 37

L

- ß -Lactamase 36
Lactic acid 187
Laundry detergents 63
Life cycle assessments 59, 61
Lignocellulose 1
- feedstock 9 biorefinery 175, 190
Lipases 39, 43-47
Lipitor 51
Luciferase 39

M

Macromolecular bioproducts 229
Mass spectrometry 51
Metabolic control analysis 205, 223
Metabolic flux analysis 221
Metabolic process analysis 217
Methane 19 6-Methoxynaphthaldehyde, blue
- fluorescent 43 4-Methyl-umbelliferylß -D-galactoside 39
Microarray technologies 249
Microarrays 47, 259
- high-throughput screening 37
Microtiter plates 212
- high-throughput screening 37
Multi-product processes 175

N

NAD(P)⁺ /NAD(P)H 37
Nanoscale sensors 254
Naphthols 34
Naphthyl acetate 34
Network analysis, stoichiometric 205
Ninhydrin 35
NIR 256
Nitrilases 44 4-Nitroaniline 39
Nitroblue tetrazolium 38
Nitrofurazane 44
Nitrophenolate 39
NMR spectrometry 52
Non-chiral products, whole cells 139
Non-chiral synthesis 133, 138

O

Oil-based raw materials 14
Oils 1
Omics, systems biology 227
Open-loop feedback optimal (OLFO)
- controller 277
Optical sensors 255

P

P450_cam monoxygenase 35
Paper 84
Parallel bioprocess design 216
Parallel stirred-tank reactors 210
Penicillin G 53
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) 42
Peptidyl aminocoumarin amides 39
Phenazin methosulfate 38 3-Phopsho-glycerate 38
Phosphatases 39
Phytases, phytic acid, dephosphorylation 45
PNA-encoded dipeptidyl-rhodamine 48
Polygonum tinctorum 34
Polymers, white biotechnology 121
Preparative chromatography 205
process scale 230
Process control/monitoring 249
Protease fingerprinting 48
Protein crystallization 205, 235
Protein microarrays 259, 263
Proteins, affinity filtration 232
Proteome analysis 263
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase 50
Pullulan, biotinylated 49
Pulp 84 waste liquor 13
Pulsed terahertz spectroscopy 258

Q

Quartz-crystal microbalance 49

R

Racemic resolution 133, 158
Raman spectroscopy 257
Raw material availability/costs/economics 20
Raw material biomass 178
Reaction systems 209
Retro-aldolization 35

S

Safranin O 35
Screening systems, enzymes 33
Sensors, chromogenic/fluorogenic 43
Shake-flasks 210
Software sensors 249, 265
Starch 91 enzymes 59
Starch-based feedstock 5
Stirred-tank reactors, laboratory scale209
- milliliter scale 214
Stoichiometric network analysis 217
Succinic acid 185
Sugar market 23
Sugar-based feedstock 3

T

Tagatose-bisphosphate aldolases 38
Textile enzymes 59
Textile processing 76
Textiles 75, 83
Thermomycer lanuginosus lipase 49
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 49
Thiocholine 44
Transcription factor 36
Tributyrin, lipases 45
Trypsin 39
Two-platform concept 175, 197

U

Umbelliferone 39, 40, 42
UV spectroscopy 255

V

Vegetable oil 16

W

Whey 12
White biotechnology, beta-lactam
- antibiotics 119
- polymers 121
Whole-crop biorefinery 175, 192

Autor

Series Editor

Prof. Dr. T. Scheper

Institute of Technical Chemistry

University of Hannover

Callinstraße 3

30167 Hannover, Germany

scheper@iftc.uni-hannover.de

Volume Editors

Prof. Dr. Roland Ulber

FB Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik

Technische Universität Kaiserslautern

Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße

67663 Kaiserslautern

ulber@mv.uni-kl.de

Dr. Dieter Sell

DECHEMA

Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25

60486 Frankfurt/Main

sell@dechema.de

Editorial Board

Prof. Dr. W. Babel

Section of Environmental Microbiology

Leipzig-Halle GmbH

Permoserstraße 15

04318 Leipzig, Germany

babel@umb.ufz.de

Prof. Dr. S.-O. Enfors

Department of Biochemistry and

Biotechnology

Royal Institute of Technology

Teknikringen 34,

100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

enfors@biotech.kth.se

Prof. Dr. M. Hoare

Department of Biochemical Engineering

University College London

Torrington Place

London, WC1E 7JE, UK

m.hoare@ucl.ac.uk

Prof. Dr. I. Endo

Saitama Industrial Technology Center

3-12-18, Kamiaoki Kawaguchi-shi

Saitama, 333-0844, Japan

a1102091@pref.saitama.lg.jp

Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter

Institute of Biotechnology

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule

ETH-Hönggerberg

8093 Zürich, Switzerland

ae.fiechter@bluewin.ch