|
|
| |
|
| |
|
 |
|
| |
Jorge Ibáñez, Mono Mohan Singh, Zvi Szafran
Environmental Chemistry
Fundamentals
erschienen Juli 2007
334 Seiten, Gebunden
Springer-Verlag GmbH | ISBN: 0387260617
| |  | 80.20 EUR |  | | |
|
|
|
|
| |
Innerhalb 24 Stunden versandfertig. Expressversand: In Deutschland versandkostenfrei | Österreich: 4 € | Schweiz: ab 4 € | Europaweit ab 6 €. Versandkostenübersicht weltweit. Alle Preise inkl. MwSt. |
|
|
Ähnliche Bücher anzeigen
|
|
|
| |
| |
| VORWORT | öffnen |
|
ForewordWhen I was about eight years old, the beautiful wetland that stretched out beside my home was destroyed and was replaced by a large office park. My father, upon seeing how upset I was, said to me, "If you care about something, you care enough to learn about it." This event perhaps more than anything else caused me to dedicate my life to sustaining our environment, our world, through the power of chemistry. And perhaps, more than anything else, this is also the lesson of this excellent te...
[weiter lesen]
|
|
|
| KLAPPENTEXT | öffnen |
|
Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, by Jorge Ibanez et al., is an exceptionally useful and well organized book. After reviewing basic chemical concepts, Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals quickly progresses to more advanced and contemporary applications including ozone depletion, physiochemical and biological treatment of pollutants, and green chemistry. The chemistry of processes of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere are covered in detail and the effects of pollutants on eac... [weiter lesen] |
|
|
| INHALTSVERZEICHNIS | öffnen |
Contents
Forewordv
Prefacevii
Part 1 Introductory Concepts
1 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry 3
1.1 Chemistry of the Natural Processes in the Biosphere 3
1.2 Chemistry Associated with Pollution Processes 4
1.3 Chemistry Applied to the Analysis of Pollutants and Natural Compounds 6
1.4 Chemistry Applied to the Treatment and Remediation of Pollution 8
1.5 Green Chemistry 8
1.6 Importance of Environmental Chemistry 9
References and Further Reading 10
2 Chemistry Fundamentals, Part A 11
2.1 Chemical Equilibria 11
2.1.1 Equilibrium Values and Calculations 12
2.1.2 Exchange Reaction Equilibria: Systems of the Type MLn/MLn_1/ ML/M 12
2.2 Acid-Base Reactions 15
2.2.1 Acid-Base Characteristics of Common Chemical Species 15
2.2.2 Buffers 16
2.2.3 Acid/Base Character of Oxides 21
2.3 Redox Processes 23
2.3.1 Latimer Diagrams 25
2.3.2 Frost Diagrams 27
2.3.3 Nernst Equation 27
2.3.4 Pourbaix Diagrams 28
2.3.5 The pE Scale 33
References and Further Reading 41
3 Chemistry Fundamentals, Part B 43
3.1 Complexes and Complex Formation 43
3.1.1 Definition and Generalities 43
3.1.2 Modification of Properties of Metal Ions 43
3.1.3 Geometry of Metal Complexes 46
3.1.4 Inner and Outer Sphere Complexes 47
3.1.5 Mono and Polydentate Ligands. The HSAB Approach 48
3.1.6 The Chelate Effect 48
3.1.7 Reactions of Complexes 50
3.1.7.1 Ligand-Exchange Reactions 50
3.1.7.2 Electron-Exchange Reactions 50
3.2 Chemical Kinetics 51
3.2.1 Factors That Influence the Rate of a Mono Directional Reaction 52
3.2.1.1 Dependence of the Rate of Reaction on Concentrations: The Rate Law ...
3.2.1.2 The Rate Constant 54
3.2.2 Integrated Rate Equations 54
3.2.2.1 Zeroth-Order Reactions 54
3.2.2.2 First-Order Reactions 54
3.2.2.3 Second-Order Reactions 55
3.2.2.4 Higher-Order Reactions 55
3.2.3 Complex Reactions 55
3.2.3.1 Consecutive Reactions 56
3.2.3.2 Opposing (Reversible) Reactions 56
3.2.3.3 Parallel Reactions 57
3.2.4 The Steady-State Approximation 57
3.2.5 Catalysis 57
3.2.6 Kinetics of Metal-Complex Dissociation 58
3.3 Photochemical Processes 59
3.3.1 Photochemical Processes After the Absorption of Light 59
3.3.2 Beer's Law 60
3.3.3 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Processes 61
3.4 Radiochemistry 61
3.4.1 Decay Kinetics 62
3.4.2 Units of Radiation 63
3.4.3 Detection Devices for Ionizing Radiations and Protection From Radiation...
3.4.3.1 Geiger Counter or Ionization in Gas-Filled Tubes 64
3.4.3.2 Scintillation Device 64
3.4.3.3 Photographic Films 64
3.4.3.4 Semiconductors 64
3.4.3.5 Thermoluminescence 64
References and Further Reading 64
[weiter lesen] |
|
|
|
|
| REGISTER | öffnen |
Index
AAbiotic factors, 144
Abiotic transformations 3-6, 9, 198
Abrasion, 81
Absorbed dose unit (Gray, Gy) 63
Absorptivity, 60, see also Molar
- extinction coefficient Acceptable daily intake (ADI), 223
Acenaphthylene, rate of biodegradation, 206
Acetaldehyde, 201, 203
Acetyl COA, 201
Acid deposition, 99, 101, 117, 119, 178
Acid mine drainage (AMD), 116, 119, 189
Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), 118, 119, 121
Acid rain, 99, 178
Acid soluble fraction, 189
Acid-base characteristics of species, 17, 22
Acid-base reactions, 116
Acidic oxide, 22
Acidogenesis, 281, 282
Acrylonitrile, 168
Activated carbon, 254, 264, see also Activated carbon
Activated charcoal, 254, see also Activated carbon
Activated complex, 54
Activated complex, transition state, 54
Activated sludge system, 277, 278
Activation energy (Ea), 54
Activation, 4, 5, 9
Activity coefficient (y), 12
Acylamide herbicides degradation, 207
Adipic acid, biodegradation, 202
Adipic acid, Draths-Frost synthesis, 301
Adipic acid, traditional synthesis, 300
Administered dose, 209
Adsorption breakthrough, 265
Adsorption processes, 264
Adsorption, 97, 106, 108, 116, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 130
Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), 249
Aerobic attached-growth processes, 277, 278
Aerobic processes, 101, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112, 114, 277
Aerobic suspended-growth processes, 277
Aerobic treatments, see Aerobic processes
Aerosols, 174
Aerosols, seawater, 99, 101, 117, 132
Aerotolerant anaerobic organisms, 141
Aflatoxin bl, biotransformation, 218
Africa, 101, 102, 104
Agriculture, 188
Air emissions, 169
Air pollution, 99, 104
Air stripping, 268
Air, 69-74
Airborne compounds, 97
Air-to-fuel ratio, 175, 176
Albedo, 74
Aldrin, 201
Alicyclic hydrocarbons, biotic transformation, 201
Aliphatic compounds, biotic transformation, 199-200
Alkalinity, 98, 99, 102, 103, 106, 114, 115, 117-122, 127. 132-134
Aluminosilicates, 92
Aluminum aqueous system, 32-37
Aluminum hydroxide, 124
Aluminum ions, 102, 103, 116, 122, 124, 125
Aluminum sulfate, 168
Aluminum, 102, 103, 124, 125, 130
Amazon river, 103
Amensalism, 147
Americum-241, 186
Amino acids, 101, 118, 122, 129
Ammonia vapors, 265
Ammonia/nitrate aqueous system, 41
Ammonification, 153
Ammonium ion, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 117, 127
Ammonium nitrate, 168
Ammonium sulfate, 168
Ammonium sulfide, 99
Amphibole, 80
Ampholytes, 14
Amphoteric oxide, 22
Anaerobic digestion, 289
Anaerobic filter, 282, 283
Anaerobic process, 105, 108, 111-114
Anaerobic treatments, 276, 281-283
Analysis, environmental sample, 6-8
Aniline, 168, 173
Anion exchange capacity (AAC), 130
Anoxic sediments, 157
Anoxic, 99, 105, 131
Anthracene, biodegradation, 202, 206
Anthranilic acid, biodegradation, 202
Antifouling agents, tributyltin oxide, 298
Aquated electrons, 250
Aquatic fauna, 101
Aquatic flora, 101, 112, 117, 131
Aquifer, 96, 105, 106, 109
Aquifers, biorestoration, 292
Aquifers, physical containment, 292
Aquifers, treatment, 292
Archaea, 138
Aromatic degradation, meta pathway, 201, 203
Aromatic degradation, ortho pathway, 202, 203
Aromatic hydrocarbons, biotic transformation, 201-204
Arrhenius' equation, 54, 58
Arsenic (III), 237
Arsenic (V), 237
Arsenic crisis, 265
Arsenic, 266
Artesian well, 106
Artic circle, 5
Assessment, dose-response, 221
Assessment, exposure, 221, 226
Assessment, human health risk, 220
Associative and dissociative mechanisms, 50
Athalassohaline, 108, 109
Atmosphere, 3, 6, 4, 69-74, 76
Atmosphere, 96, 97, 99, 100, 106, 107, 110, 115, 116, 132
Atmospheric composition, transport, 97, 99, 101, 102, 107, 110, 113, 116, 117
Atmospheric deposition, 103
Atom economy, 305
Atomic number, 62
Autotrophs 141, 142, 154
Auxiliary chemicals, minimization, 308
BBacteria, 139
Bacteria, facultative anaerobic, 252
Baltic sea, 107
Band gap energy, 251
Barbier-Grignard reaction, 304
Barium sulfate, 260
Basic oxide, 22
Basification, 117
Becquerel (Bq), 63
Beer's law, 60
Benz(a)anthracene, biodegradation rate, 206
Benzaldehyde, biodegradation, 202
Benzene, 168
Benzene, biodegradation, 202, 203
Benzo(a)pyrene, 6
Benzoic acid, biodegradation, 202
Benzoic acid, biotransformation, 217
Benzyl alcohol, biodegradation, 202
Bicarbonate ion, 99, 102-104, 106, 109, 120
Bimolecular, 54
Binding capacity, 122
Bioaccumulation factor (BAC), 232
Bioaccumulation, 5, 216
Bioactivation, 216
Bioassay data, animal, 221
Bioaugmentation, 291
Bioavailability, 7, 10
Biocatalyst, 9
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 182, 277
Biochemical processes, 110, 116
Biocides, 189
Bioconcentration potential factor, 216
Bioconcentration, see Bioaccumulation
Bioconversion factor (BCF), 232
Biodegradable plastics, starch-based, 319
Biodegradable polyesters, 319
Biodegradable polymers, synthesis, 318
Biodegradable synthetic polymers, 206
Biodegradation, 5, 10, 101, 102, 198
Biofilm reactors, 278
Biofilm, 277
Biofiltration, 294
Biofouling control, 247
Biogenic contributions, 103, 131
Biogeochemical cycle, 3-6, 96-98, 148
Biogeochemical cycles, interrelations, 160-161
Bioindicators, 232
Biological activity, 101-103, 108, 122
Biological nutrient removal, 283
Biological nutrient removal, double-sludge system, 286
Biological nutrient removal, single-sludge system, 285
Biological phosphorus removal, 285
Biological treatment, 277
Biomagnification, 232
Biomarkers, 233
Biomass, 105
Biomes, 99, 143
Biopolymers, 102
Bioreactors, above-ground, 293
Bioremediation, 290
Bioremediation, in situ, 291
Biosolvents, 316
Biosphere, 3, 4, 98, 107, 143
Biota, 4
Biotic factors, 144
Biotic process, 3-6, 10
Biotic transformation reactions, 199-204
Biotic transformation reactions, anaerobic, 204
Biotransformation reactions, phase I, 215
Biotransformation reactions, phase II, 216, 217
Biotransformations, 303
Bioventing, 291
Biphenyls, 205
Biphenyls, toxicity, 208
Black Amazon river, 103
Borate system, 118
Borohydrides, 254
Brackish water, 105, 108
Breakpoint chlorination, 242
[weiter lesen] |
|
|
|
|
|
|