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Ralph D. Lorenz
Spinning Flight
Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras, and Skipping Stones
erschienen September 2006
346 Seiten, Gebunden
Springer-Verlag GmbH | ISBN: 0387307796
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| VORWORT | öffnen |
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Preface This book is about things that spin in the air or in space. Specifically it is about things that spin in the air and space that I find interesting. I am by training an aerospace engineer, but work as a planetary scientist. Indeed, as an aerospace engineering undergraduate, I regarded - unfairly in retrospect - my lectures in fluid mechanics and aerodynamics as only a necessary evil on the noble road to exploring space where such subjects tend not to apply. My main project during my 15-ye...
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| KLAPPENTEXT | öffnen |
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More Frisbees are sold each year than baseballs, basketballs, and footballs combined. Yet these familiar flying objects have subtle and clever aerodynamic and gyrodynamic properties which are only recently being documented by wind tunnel and other studies. In common with other rotating bodies discussed in this readily accessible book, they are typically not treated in textbooks of aeronautics, and the literature is scattered in a variety of places. This book develops the theme of disc-wings ... [weiter lesen] |
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| INHALTSVERZEICHNIS | öffnen |
Contents
Prefacev
Acknowledgementsix
List of Figuresxiii
1 Introduction 1
2 Aerodynamics of Balls 19
3 Bouncing Balls, Airbags, and Tumbleweeds 45
4 Spinning Bullets, Bombs, and Bockets 69
5 Satellites and Spin 91
6 Encountering Asteroids and Comets 115
7 Planetary Probes and Spinning Parachutes 141
8 Frisbees 169
9 Flying Cylinders and Rings 197
10 Spinning Aircraft and Nonspinning Disc Aircraft 217
11 The Boomerang 239
12 Samaras 269
13 Skipping Stones and Bouncing Bombs 291
14 Conclusions 319
Appendices
A 1 Instrumented Flight Vehicles 321
A 2 Photography 335
Index 343
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| REGISTER | öffnen |
Index
Digit
2001: A Space Odyssey, 107
AAblation, 145
Accelerometer, 41, 58, 152, 186, 263-266
Adler, Alan, 204
Advance ratio, 9, 185
Added mass, 310
Aerobie
- Epic, 203
- flying ring, 210
- Superdisk, 203
- Skyro, 210
Airbag, 56-58
Aircraft
- A-50 Mainstay, 228
- AN-71 Madcap, 229
- AS-6, 220
- E-3 Sentry, 225
- EC-2 Hawkeye, 225
- flying beermat, 221
- Lancaster, 230, 292
- Lee-Richards, 219
- V-173, 222
- XF 5 U, 223
Angle of attack, 9
Anhedral, 260
Apollo
- lunar laser reflector, 104
- slosh, 111
- splashdown, 310 14, 31
Artificial gravity, 107
Asteroid
- EROS, 116
- light curves, 115, 118
- Claudia, 117- 4179 Toutatis, 118
- strength, 120
- impact, 121
Autorotation, 270
Avrocar, 230
Axial force coefficient, 42
BBackspin, 28
Balls
- baseball, 34-36
- bouncing, 46, 49
- golf, 26-31, 54
- properties, 24
- rugby, 41
- squash, 37, 52
- superball, 48, 53
- table-tennis, 37, 47
- Tennis, 25, 26, 50-52
Barnes Wallis, 75, 292
Baseball, 34-36
Basilisk lizard, 316
Bending mode, 86
Bend-roll coupling, 86
Bernouilli theorem, 14
Black Arrow. See Launcher Bomb
- PuW, 74
- Bouncing (Upkeep), 292-298
- CBU-87
- cluster bomb, 75
- fusing, 75, 76
- Grand Slam, 75
- V 1 Flying Bomb, 76 BONUS munition, 285
Boomerang
- instrumentation, 262-268
- simulations, 258
- MTA (Maximum Time Aloft), 253, 254
- returning flight, 255-257
- straight-flying (non-returning), 240, 242, 261
Boundary layer, 63, 171
- separation of, 11-13, 72, 178
Bracewell, Ron, 93, 97
Bull, Gerald, 78
CCayley, Sir George, 270
Chakram, 205
Center of pressure, 8
Clay pigeon, 201
Cluster bomb. See Bomb
Coefficient of restitution, 46, 49
Comet, 125
- Halley, 125
Complex rotation, 119
Computational fluid dynamics, 29, 180, 208
Congreve, William, 80
Coning, 7
Coriolis force, 109
Coupling
- spin-pitch, 87
- bend-roll, 86
Cricket, 33
Curveball, 34-36
DDambusters, 296
Dihedral, 260
Discus, 197
Disc Golf, 173, 202
Doppler shift, 95, 118, 130, 134, 137, 152
Drag coefficient
- balls, 25, 29, 32
- Frisbee, 183
Dye flow, 210
EEarth
- oblateness, 37
- rotation effect on artillery, 73
- rotation effect on lightcurves, 117
Eddy current damping, 104, 145
Euler
- equations, 5
- Leonhard, 21
Explorer 1. See Satellite
FFlat spin, 5, 97, 108
Flettner, Anton, 17
- ship, Baden-Baden, 17, 270
Football
- (American), 38
- (Soccer), 31
Fourier Transform, 117
Frisbee
- biomechanics of throw, 190-194
- coefficients, 176, 183
- flow around, 177-179
- history of, 171
- instrumentation, 186-188
- nutation, 120
- Ultimate, 173
Frisbie pie tin, 171
GGarriott, Owen, 6, 94
Gemini 8 , 110
Giotto. See Spacecraft
Golf, hole, 54-55
Grand Slam. See Bomb
Gravity gradient stabilization, 101
Greenhill formula, 70
Gun
- Deringer, 73
- HARP, 78
- Kalashnikov (AK-47 Rifle), 71
- Paris (long range artillery), 72
- Supergun, 78
Guts, 172
Gyrostat, 99
HHale, William, 80
Hammer throw, 173
HARP (High Altitude Research Project). See Gun
Headrick, Ed, 46, 171
Heligyro, 106
Hess, Felix, 245
Hysteresis, 48
IIntelsat 6. See Satellite
JJesus number, 316
Jupiter, rotation of, 152-53
KKelvin, Lord, 27
Kettering Group, 94
Knuckleball, 34-36
Kylie, 239
LLAGEOS. See Satellite
Launcher
- Black Arrow, 94
LDEF. See Satellite
Lee, Cedric, 219
Light curve
- asteroid, 116
- comet, 125
- satellite, 93, 95
MMach Number, 11
Magnetometer, 166, 186, 307
Magnus
- Gustav, 17
- effect. See Robins-Magnus effect
Mars Ball, 61
Mars Pathfinder, 56-58
Maxwell, James Clerk, 27, 270
Missile
- AIM-9
- Sidewinder, 77
- guidance, 77
- Honest John, 81
- Lance, 82
- Rolling Airframe, 76
- THAAD, 83
- V 1 Flying Bomb. See Bomb
- warhead, 145
Moment of inertia, 2, 41, 71, 97, 101, 132, 134, 143
Momentum bias, 79, 99
NNewton, Isaac, 20
Non-principal-axis rotation, 119
Nutation, 7
- Frisbee, 120
- Giotto, 130
- Mars Pathfinder, 143
- Suisei, 136
OOblateness, 37
PPAGEOS. See Satellite Parachute, spinning, 160
Perry, Geoff, 94
Piezoelectric, 47, 51
Ping-Pong. See Table-tennis Pioneer 10. See Spacecraft
Pitch moment
- discus, 198
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