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Besonderer Beitrag (Solist): S. Z. Goldhaber
Redaktion: Stavros Konstantinides
Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
erschienen März 2007
271 Seiten, 63 schw.-w. Abb., 28 schw.-w. Fotos, 35 schw.-w. Zeichn., 40 schw.-w. Tabellen, Gebunden
Springer-Verlag GmbH | ISBN: 158829644x
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PrefaceManagement of venous thromboembolism has long been characterized by a high degree of complexity and a disappointing lack of both efficacy and efficiency. The clinical symptoms and signs of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are notoriously nonspecific, and ubiquitously available bedside tests such as the ECG, chest X-ray, and clinical chemistry can offer little assistance apart from strengthening or weakening the clinical suspicion. Thus, for almost 30 years, confirmation of the diagnosis reli...
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Contemporary Cardiology™ Series Editor: Christopher P. Cannon, MD Executive Editor: Annemarie M. Armani, MD Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Edited by Stavros V. Konstantinides, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg August University, Gottingen, Germany Foreword by Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Staff Cardiologist, B righam and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism ... [weiter lesen] |
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CONTRIBUTORS FRÈDÈRIC ADNET, MD, PhD • Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France GIANCARLO AGNELLI, MD • Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy LISHAN AKLOG, MD • Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY AM C. ANYANWU, MD • Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NYSHANNON M. BATES, MDCM, MSC • D... [weiter lesen] |
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Contents
Forewordv
Prefacevii
Contributorsxi
PART I DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED PULMONARY EMBOLISM
1 Clinical Probability and D-Dimer Testing 3
Philip S. Wells
2 Imaging of Acute Pulmonary Embolism 19
James G. Ravenel and U. Joseph Schoepf
3 The Search for Deep Vein Thrombosis: Evaluation of the Leg Veins 43
Jan Beyer and Sebastian M. Schellong
4 Risk Stratification of Pulmonary Embolism: Detection and Prognostic Impact ...
Stavros V. Konstantinides
5 Cardiac Biomarkers in the Diagnostic Workup of Pulmonary Embolism 69
Evangelos Giannitsis and Hugo A. Katus
6 Importance of a Patent Foramen Ovale 79
Annette Geibel, Manfred Zehender, and Wolfgang Kasper
7 Contemporary Diagnostic Algorithm for the Hemodynamically Stable Patient Wi...
Arnaud Perrier
8 Contemporary Diagnostic Algorithm for the Hemodynamically Unstable Patient ...
Stavros V. Konstantinides
PART II TREATMENT AND SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
9 Heparin Anticoagulation 111
Graham F. Pineo and Russell D. Hull
10 Thrombolysis 125
Guy Meyer
11 Management of the Patient With Fulminant Pulmonary Embolism Undergoing Ca...
Fabian Spöhr and Bernd W. Böttiger
12 Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy 147
Ani C. Anyanwu and Lishan Aklog
13 Interventional Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Massive Pulmonary Emb...
Nils Kucher
14 Vitamin K Antagonists and Novel Oral Anticoagulants 175
Giancarlo Agnelli and Cecilia Becattini
PART III SPECIFIC ASPECTS
15 Hereditary and Acquired Thrombophilia 187
Hanno Riess
16 Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer 199
Paolo Prandoni, Anna Falanga, and Andrea Piccioli
17 Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy 213
Simon J. McRae and Shannon M. Bates
18 Venous Thromboembolism in the Era of Air Travel 235
Frédéric Lapostolle, Jean Catineau, Claude Lapandry, and Fréd&#...
19 Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension 241
Irene M. Lang and Walter Klepetko
Index 265
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Index
AActivated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), heparin monitoring, 113, 114
Aging, venous thromboembolism risks, 191
Air travel, venous thromboembolism, history of study, 236
- pathophysiology, 236, 237
- prophylaxis, 239, 240
- pulmonary embolism association study, 237, 238
- risk factors, 238, 239
Amplatz Thrombectomy Device (ATD), pulmonary thrombectomy, 167
Angio-Jet Xpeedior, pulmonary thrombectomy, 167, 168
Antithrombin deficiency, features, 188, 189
- pregnancy, 216, 217
Aspirex catheter, pulmonary thrombectomy, 168-170
ATD, see Amplatz Thrombectomy Device
BBalloon angioplasty, pulmonary thrombectomy, 166
Blood gas analysis,
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 249
- pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 6
BNP, see Brain natriuretic peptide
Bosentan, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension management, 257
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),
- diagnostic value in pulmonary embolism, 76, 77
- prognostic value in pulmonary embolism, 75, 126
- release mechanisms in pulmonary embolism, 70, 71
- right ventricular dysfunction association studies, 73
- risk stratification in pulmonary embolism, 63
CCancer, venous thromboembolism,
- epidemiology and risk factors, 203, 204
- pathogenesis, 200-202
- prevention, central venous catheter thrombosis, 204, 205
chemotherapy and radiotherapy patients, 204
- surgery patients, 204
- risks, cancer in venous thromboembolism patients, 206-208
- venous thromboembolism in cancer patients, 191, 200
- treatment, antithrombotic drug effects on cancer progression, 206
- initial treatment, 205
- long-term anticoagulation, 205, 206
- tumor growth and dissemination role of thrombosis, 202, 203
Cardiac arrest, see Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cardiac catheterization, chronic th...
Cardiopulmonary bypass,
- historical perspective, 148, 149
- pulmonary embolectomy, see Pulmonary embolectomy Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR...
- massive pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 141, 142
- prognosis, 138, 141
- thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism-induced cardiac arrest, clinical studie...
- out-of-hospital studies, 141, 144
- rationale, 138, 139
- safety, 142, 143
Catheter thrombectomy, complications, 172
- devices, Amplatz Thrombectomy Device, 167
- Angio-Jet Xpeedior, 167, 168
- Aspirex catheter, 168-170
- balloon angioplasty and stenting, 166
- Greenfield embolectomy catheter, 165, 166
- Hydrolyser, 167
- Oasis catheter, 167
- pigtail catheter, 166, 167
- indications, 164, 165
- thrombolytic therapy, 171, 172
Chest film, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 249
- patent foramen ovale, 82
- pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 6-8, 20
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), animal models, 246, 247
- associated conditions, 245, 246
cardiac hemodynamics, 244, 245
clinical presentation, 248
coagulation and fibrolysis status studies, 245
- diagnosis, blood gas analysis, 249
cardiac catheterization, 250, 252
chest film, 249
computed tomography, 250
- differential diagnosis, 248
- echocardiography, 250
- electrocardiography, 248, 250
- exercise stress testing, 250
- physical examination, 248
- pulmonary angiography, 252
- ventilation-perfusion lung scanning, 249, 250
- epidemiology, 241, 242
- genetics, 246
- natural history, 242, 244
- prognosis, 257
- pulmonary arterial thromboemboli molecular biology, 247, 248
- risk stratification, 252, 253
- treatment, lung transplantation, 256, 257
- medical treatment, 257
- pulmonary endarterectomy, 253-256
Clinical probability modeling, pulmonary
- embolism, 6-8, 96, 97
Compression stockings, air travel venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, 239
Compression ultrasound, comparison with other tests, 92, 93 2-CUS, 47
C-CUS, 48, 50
- deep venous thrombosis diagnostic value and indications, 51-53
- E-CUS, 47
- overview, 45-47
- pregnancy, 221, 222
- validation studies, 94-96, 98
Computed tomography (CT), cancer screening in venous thromboembolism patients, 207, 2...
chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 250
- deep venous thrombosis, 51
- right ventricular dysfunction, 31-33
- right ventricular function, 61, 62
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), comparison with other tests, 92, 93
cost considerations, 35-37
- diagnostic algorithm in hemodynami cally stable patients, 99-101
- interpretation, 26-28
- pitfalls and artifacts, 29, 30
- pregnancy, 221
- pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 4, 5, 20, 25
- radiation dose, 33, 34
- subsegmental emboli, 30, 31
- validation, 25, 26, 94-96
Coumarins, see Vitamin K antagonists
CPR, see Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCT, see Computed tomography CTEPH, see Chronic ...
CTPA, see Computed tomography pulmonary angiography
DD-dimer test,
- Accuclot™, 9
- assays, 9
- comparison with other tests, 92, 93
deep venous thrombosis, 44, 45
- indications, 10
- Minutex® , 9
- Nycocard® , 9
- pregnancy, 221
- principles, 9
- pulmonary embolism diagnosis, clinical probability, 10
diagnostic algorithms, 13, 14
qualitative testing, 11, 12
quantitative testing, 12, 13
- Tinaquant® , 9
- Turbiquant® , 9
- validation studies, 94-99
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT),
- air travel, see Air travel
- clinical presentation, 44
- computed tomography, 51
D-dimer test, 44, 45
- magnetic resonance imaging, 51
- pregnancy, see Pregnancy
- pretest probability scores, 44
- ultrasonography,
- compression ultrasound, 2-CUS, 47
- C-CUS, 48, 50
diagnostic value and indications, 51-53
- E-CUS, 47
- overview, 45-47
duplex ultrasound, 20
- recurrent thrombosis, 50, 51
- venography, 51
Diagnostic algorithms, pulmonary embolism, hemodynamically stable patients, 92-101
- hemodynamically unstable patients, 105-108
- pregnancy and pulmonary embolism, 222, 223
- rationale, 13, 14, 93, 94
Duplex ultrasound,
- compression ultrasound, see Compression ultrasound deep venous thrombosis, 20
- recurrent thrombosis, 50, 51
DVT, see Deep venous thrombosis
EEchocardiography, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 250
Echocardiography,
- massive pulmonary embolism, 106-108
- patent foramen ovale, 82, 83
- pulmonary embolism-induced cardiac arrest, 142
- prognostic value, 126
- right ventricular function, 61, 64
Electrocardiography,
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 248
- pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 6, 7- right ventricular function, 58, 59
Embolectomy, see Catheter thrombectomy; Pulmonary embolectomy
Exercise stress testing, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, 250
FFABP, see Fatty acid-binding protein
Factor V Leiden,
- features, 190
- pregnancy, 217, 218
Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), risk stratification in pulmonary embolism, 63, 64
Fondaparinux,
- initial management of pulmonary
- embolism, 121
venous thromboembolism prevention, 193
GGreenfield embolectomy catheter, pulmonary thrombectomy, 165, 166
HHeart sounds, pulmonary embolism diagnosis, 6
Heparin, see also Low-molecular-weight heparin; Unfractionated heparin, clearance, 11...
- complications, 115, 116, 194
- dosing, 113-115
- monitoring, 113, 114
Hormone replacement therapy, venous thromboembolism risks, 191
Hydrolyser, pulmonary thrombectomy, 167
Hypoxemia, patent foramen ovale, 83
IInferior vena cava filter, pulmonary embolectomy, 158
LLMWH, see Low-molecular-weight heparin Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH),
- cancer progression effects, 206
- caveats of use, 120, 121
- indications, 116, 117
long-term therapy, 117, 118, 180
- pregnancy, fetal complications, 224
- maternal complications, 224, 225
- recommendations, 225, 226
- properties, 117
- pulmonary embolism trials, 118-120
- unfractionated heparin comparison, 117
- venous thromboembolism prevention, 193
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