DeutschesFachbuch.de : Cardiac Drug Therapy Von M. Gabriel Khan

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Contents
Dedications v
Preface vii
About the Author xiii
1 Beta-Blockers: The Cornerstone of Cardiac Drug Therapy 1
New Concepts 1
Beta-Receptors 4
Mechanism of Action 6
Dosage Considerations 7
Pharmacologic Properties and Clinical Implications 8
Salutary Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade 13
Beta-Blockers versus Calcium Antagonists and Oral Nitrates 15
Indications for Beta-Blockers 16
Advice and Adverse Effects 20
Individual Beta-Blockers 23
Which Beta-Blocker Is Best for Your Patients? 31
2 Beta-Blocker Controversies 37
Beta-Blockers Are Not a Good Initial Choice for Hypertension: True or False? 37
Beta-Blockers Are Not Recommended for Treatment of Elderly Hypertensives: True or Fal...
Beta-Blockers Cause Diabetes: True or False? 39
Do All Beta-Blockers Cause Glucose Intolerance? 40
Beta-Blockers Should Not Be Given to Patients During the Early Hours of Acute MI: Tru...
3 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 43
Mechanism of Action 43
ACE Inhibitors versus Other Vasodilators 46
Clinical Indications 47
Contraindications 50
Advice, Adverse Effects, and Interactions 51
Individual ACE Inhibitors 53
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 58
4 ACE Inhibitor Controversies 63
ACE Inhibitors versus ARBS: Does the Choice Matter? 63
ACE Inhibitors/ ARB s Cause Renoprotection: True or False? 63
ACE Inhibitors Decrease the Incidence of Diabetes: True or False? 64
Combination of ACE Inhibitor and ARB Proven Effective: True or False? 64
ACE Inhibitors for HF with Preserved Systolic Function 65
5 Calcium Antagonists (Calcium Channel Blockers) 67
Mechanism of Action 67
Major Calcium Antagonists 68
When to Choose a Calcium Antagonist 75
Indications for Calcium Antagonists 75
Which Calcium Antagonist to Choose 77
Combination of Calcium Antagonists with Beta-Blockers, Nitrates, or Digoxin 77
6 Calcium Antagonists Controversies 81
Calcium Antagonists and Heart Failure 81
Are Calcium Antagonists Useful for Hypertensives with CAD? 82
7 Diuretics 85
Indications 85
Thiazides 87
Loop Diuretics 87
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics 91
Other Diuretics 94
Potassium Chloride Supplements 95
New Concepts 98
8 Hypertension 103
Relevant Key Issues 103
Definitions 105
Nondrug Therapy 106
Laboratory Work-Up 107
Which Drugs to Choose 107
Beta-Blockers 115
Diuretics 117
ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 117
Calcium Antagonists (Extended Release) 124
Centrally Acting Drugs 125
Alpha -Blockers 126
Hypertensive Crisis 127
9 Hypertension Controversies 137
Beta-Blockers Should Not Remain First Choice in the Treatment of Primary Hypertension...
Diabetic Risk with Beta-Blockers and Diuretics 141
Hypertensive Agents Increase Heart Failure Risk: True or False? 146
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Index
AAbciximab,
- dosing, 339
- indications, 339, 340
- properties, 338
- trade names, 399
Abciximab, unstable angina management, 174
Acebutolol,
- dosing, 8
- mortality reduction studies, 4
- overview, 23
- pharmacologic properties, 10
- trade names, 400
ACE inhibitors, see Angiotensin-Converting
- enzyme inhibitors Acetazolamide,
- overview, 94
- trade names and dosing, 86
ACUITY, findings, 383, 384
Acute coronary syndrome, see Unstable
angina Adenosine,
atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia management, 254
- contraindications, 254
- dosing, 254
- drug interactions, 365
- lactation safety, 358
- pregnancy and drug safety, 356
- trade names, 399
- β-Adrenergic receptors,
- classification, 4-6
- tissue distribution, 4-6
AF, see Atrial fibrillation AFFIRM, findings, 389
African Americans,
- heart failure studies, 245, 246
- hypertension drug selection, 147-154
A-HeFT, findings, 386
Albuterol, cardiac effects, 376
Aldactazide, formulation and dosing, 93
Aldactide, formulation and dosing, 93
Aldosterone antagonists,
- hallmark clinical trials, 385, 386
- heart failure management, 98, 99, 222, 223, 245
ALLHAT, findings, 386, 387
Alpha 1-blockers,
- contraindications, 127
- hypertension management, 126, 127
Amiloride, trade names and dosing, 86
Aminophylline, pulmonary edema
- management, 237
Amiodarone,
action, 277
adverse effects, 278-280
atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia management, 258
- cardiac arrest management, 291, 292
- dosing, 277
- drug interactions, 279, 365, 366
- indications, 278
- lactation safety, 358
- overview, 277
- pharmacokinetics, 277, 278
- pregnancy and drug safety, 356
- trade names, 399
Amlodipine,
angina management, 163
- combination therapy, 77
- heart failure management, 221
- hypertension management, 124
- overview, 73
- trade names, 401
- unstable angina management, 172
Amphotericin B, fungal endocarditis management, 304
Aneurysm,
- beta-blocker management of dissecting
aneurysm, 18, 19
- hypertension management, 113
Angina pectoris,
aspirin therapy, 168, 169
- beta-blocker therapy, comparison with calcium channel blockers and oral nitrates, 3...
- contraindications, 163
- dosing for cardioprotection, 162, 163
- first-line treatment, 2, 3, 160-162- indications, 16
- unstable angina, 171- calcium channel blocker management, 76, 77, 163, 164, 172
- clinical features, 159
- controversies, 177-179
- hypertension management, 113
- nitrates in management, 164-168
- pathophysiology, 159, 160
- Prinzmetal's angina, see Variant angina
- treatment algorithm, 162
- unstable angina, see Unstable angina
Angioedema, angiotensin blockade complication, 52, 146, 147
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), see also specific drugs, angiotensin-converting...
- comparison trials, 58, 59, 63
- combination therapy with angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, 64, 65
- contraindications, 50, 51
- controversies, 63-65
- dosing, 45
- heart failure management, 48, 49, 65, 218-221, 244, 245
- hypertension management, action, 121
adverse effects, 121
- contraindications, 122
- overview, 47, 48
- specific drugs, 122, 123
- indications, 47-50
- mechanism of action, 58
- mortality reduction, 43
- pharmacology, 45
- trade names, 398
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, see also specific drugs,- adverse eff...
angiotensin-receptor blocker comparison
- trials, 58, 59, 63
- classes, 43
- combination therapy with angiotensin receptor blockers, 64, 65
- comparison with other vasodilators, 46, 47
- contraindications, 50, 51
- controversies, 63-65
- digoxin combination therapy, 227, 228
- dosing, 44
- drug interactions, 53, 364, 365
- gene polymorphisms, 46
- heart failure management, 48, 49, 65, 218-221, 244, 245
- hypertension management, action, 121
adverse effects, 121
- contraindications, 122
- overview, 47, 48
- specific drugs, 122, 123
- indications, 47-50
- lactation safety, 358
- mechanism of action, 43, 45, 46
- mortality reduction, 43
- myocardial infarction management, 195
- pharmacology, 44, 53
- pregnancy use for hypertension, 354, 356
- trade names, 397, 398
Antibiotics,
- cardiac effects, 375
- drug interactions, 372
- infective endocarditis management, drug selection guidelines, 299, 300
- enterococcal endocarditis, 302
- miscellaneous bacteria, 302, 303
- prophylaxis, 305, 306
- right-sided endocarditis, 303, 304
- Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, native valve, 301
- overview, 300, 301
- prosthetic valve, 301
- Streptococcus viridans and S. bovis endocarditis, native valve, 301
- prosthetic valve, 301, 302
- unstable angina management, 174
Anticoagulants, see Heparin; Warfarin
Antihistamines,
- cardiac effects, 376
- drug interactions, 372
Antiplatelet agents, see also specific drugs,
- drug interactions, 368
- efficacy, 332
- indications, 331
- mechanism of action, 331, 332
- trade names, 399, 400
APCs, see Atrial premature contractions
ARBs, see Angiotensin receptor blockers
Arrhythmias, see also specific arrhythmias and drugs,
- beta-blocker management, 16, 17
- diagnosis, narrow QRS complex arrhythmias, 251
- wide QRS complex arrhythmias, 251-253
- drugs, classification of antiarrhythmic drugs, 250, 251
- hallmark clinical trials, 389
- trade names, 399
- hypertension management, 113
- myocardial infarction association and management, 197, 198
- pregnancy and drug safety, 356, 357
- rational therapy factors, 249
Aspirin,
actions, 334, 335
angina management, 168, 169, 172
atrial fibrillation management, 262, 263
- dosing, 335
- drug interactions, 368
- hallmark clinical trials, 390, 391
- historical review, 332-334
- indications, 333, 334
- lactation safety, 359
- myocardial infarction management, 185
- overview, 332
- unstable angina management, 172
ASTEROID, findings, 387, 388
Asystole, see Cardiac arrest
Atenolol,
- cardiovascular protection studies, 139, 140
- dosing, 7, 8
- hypertension management, 116
- overview, 24
- pharmacologic properties, 10
- pregnancy use for hypertension, 351
- selection guidelines, 31
- trade names, 400
Atorvastatin,
- dosing, 314
- drug interactions, 314
- dyslipidemia management, 314
- hallmark clinical trials, 387
- trade names, 403
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