DeutschesFachbuch.de : Acute Coronary Syndromes

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Contents
Contributorsxiii
1 Acute Coronary Syndrome: Where We Are, How We Got Here, and Where We A...
Jayanthi N. Koneru, Lance W. Weathers, and Michael Lesch
2 The PAIN Pathway for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome 9
Eyal Herzog, Emad Aziz, and Mun K. Hong
3 Translation of Critical Pathways for Acute Coronary Syndrome into Admissio...
Eyal Herzog, Emad Aziz, and Mun K. Hong
4 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome 25
Hossein Eftekhari, Inna Bukharovich, Emad Aziz, and Mun K. Hong
5 Evaluation in the Emergency Department and Cardiac Biomarkers 37
Gurusher Panjrath, Elaine B. Josephson, and Eyal Herzog
6 Diagnosis and Treatment of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 48
Matthew Daka, Emad Aziz, Robert Leber, and Mun K. Hong
7 Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 60
Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Sandeep Joshi, Angela Palazzo, and Sripal Banga...
8 Diagnosis and Treatment of Unstable Angina 73
Aslam Khan, Robert Romberg, and David L. Coven
9 Use of Stress Testing for the Risk Stratification of Patients at Low to...
Seth Uretsky, Randy E. Cohen, and Alan Rozanski
10 The Role of Echocardiography in Acute Coronary Syndrome 96
Sandeep Joshi, Eyal Herzog, and Farooq A. Chaudhry
11 Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction 108
Gregory Janis, Atul Kukar, Eyal Herzog, and Farooq A. Chaudhry
12 Diagnosis and Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure 119
David M. Wild, Emad Aziz, Eyal Herzog, and Marrick Kukin
13 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock 132
Angela Palazzo, Sripal Bangalore, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, and Amy Chorz...
14 Management of Pericardial Disease Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome 144
Seth Uretsky, Dan L. Musat, Mark V. Sherrid, and Eyal Herzog
15 Surgical Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome 154
Sandhya K. Balaram and Daniel G. Swistel
16 Arrhythmias Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction-Bradyarrhythmias 163
Dan L. Musat, Delia Cotiga, Walter Pierce, and Aysha Arshad
17 Arrhythmias Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: Atrial Tachyarrhythmia...
Dan L. Musat, Jonathan S. Steinberg, Delia Cotiga, and Eyal Herzog
18 Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients After Myocardial Infarction 190
Delia Cotiga, Tina Sichrovsky, Kataneh Maleki, and Suneet Mittal
19 Management of Cocaine-Induced Chest Pain 204
Olivier Frankenberger, Tseday Sirak, Sripal Bangalore, and Henry H. Greenber...
20 Acute Coronary Syndrome in Women and the Elderly 212
Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Catherine R. Weinberg, Simbo Chiadika, and Bett...
21 Acute Coronary Syndrome in African Americans and Hispanic Americans 229
Tseday Sirak, Simbo Chiadika, Matthew Daka, and Claude Simon
22 Coronary Artery Spasm and Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries 246
Randy E. Cohen, Atul Kukar, Olivier Frankenberger, and Henry H Greenberg
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Index
AAbciximab, 46, 65-66
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AVIR), 190-191
Achalasia, 257-258
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS). See also Angina, unstable; Myocardial infarction, acu...
- definition of, 9, 60
- diagnosis of, 61, 73-75. See also PAIN pathway, for acute coronary syndromes manage...
- initial assessment in, 37-38
- missed, 303
- emergency department evaluation of, 37-44
- cardiac biomarkers in, 40-44
- physical examination in, 39
- epidemiology of, 25-26
- ischemic cascade in, 97, 98
- mechanisms of, 29-30
- misdiagnosis of, 216
as mortality cause, 9, 220-221
- racial differences in, 236
- pathophysiology of, 26-32, 60
- gender differences in, 221
- prevalence of, 25-26, 73
- primary prevention of, 302
- symptoms of, 38
- treatment of. See also PAIN pathway, for acute coronary syndromes management age an...
- in the emergency department, 44-46
- evidence-based, 9
- future strategies in, 5-6
- guidelines for, 9
- during pre-coronary care unit era, 1-2
Adenosine
as heart block and syncope treatment, 1 as supraventricular tachycardia treatment, 18...
Adenosine diphosphate receptor
antagonists, 65
Adhesion molecules, 27-28
Admission notes, for acute coronary
- syndrome patients, 20-24
African Americans
acute coronary syndrome in, 229245
- barriers to treatment of, 237240
- clinical presentation of, 236-237
- endothelial dysfunction in, 234
- risk factors for, 230-233
- congestive heart failure treatment in, 129
- C-reactive protein in, 233
- diabetes mellitus in, 231
- response to antithrombotic therapy, 235-236
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), 63
Albumin cobalt binding test, 303
Aldosterone antagonists, 129, 195
American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for a...
- treatment, 20, 215-216
- for calcium channel blocker use, 269- for chest pain evaluation, 62- for cocaine-re...
- treatment, 208- for congestive heart failure treatment, 119- for electrocardiograph...
- for hypertension management, 265- for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarctio...
- tachyarrhythmia treatment, 183
- for secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease, 287- for ST-segment elevation m...
American Diabetes Association, 272, 273
Amiodarone
as atrial fibrillation treatment, 186
as shock-refractory ventricular
- fibrillation treatment, 192
as sudden cardiac death prophylaxis, 196
Amlodipine, 269, 290
Amrinone, use in cardiogenic shock patients, 139
Aneurysms, cardiac, 115-118
atrial, 115
- pseudo, 115, 116, 117, 118
- true, 115, 116, 117, 118
- ventricular, 101, 104, 108, 115
Angina pectoris cocaine-related, 204
- non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction-related, 61-62
- Prinzmetal (variant), 29, 30, 248
- relationship to myocardial ischemia, 86
- stable, 73
atherosclerotic plaque rupture in, 30
- destabilization of, 3- symptoms of, 61
- unstable, 73-85
anti-ischemic therapy for, 80-81
antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy for, 78-80
- classification of, 73
- diagnosis of, 73-75
- early invasive versus conservative approaches to, 5, 219-220
- in elderly patients, 220
- evidence-based approach to, 68-69
- medical therapy for, 66, 67
- outcome estimation in, 63
- outcome in, 221
- pathophysiology of, 3
- relationship to non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 5, 60
- risk stratification of, 75-76
- treatment of, 76-81
- in women, 219-220, 221
Angiography, coronary, 76, 154
- of normal coronary arteries, 246
- persistent chest pain during, 158
- racial disparity in, 237-238
Angioplasty facilitated, 54
- primary
anatomic risk stratification strategy in, 52
arterial reocclusion after, 52
as cardiogenic shock treatment, 140
- comparison with fibrinolytic therapy, 217-218
- delayed, 55
- door-to-balloon time in, 13, 53
- in elderly patients, 217-218
- first performance of, 4
- "open artery hypothesis" of, 55
- as reperfusion method, 48-49, 51-54- as ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ...
- in women, 217-218
- rescue (salvage), 54-55
- restenosis after, 4
Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), 46
African Americans' responses to, 234
- contraindications to, 138, 269
- therapeutic applications of acute coronary syndrome, 67
acute myocardial infarction, 269
- congestive heart failure, 129
- non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 67
- unstable angina, 81
- ventricular arrhythmia, 193-194
Angiotensin receptor blockers, 129
Anistreplase, contraindications to, 51
Antiarrhythmic drugs, type I, 195
- contraindication in cocaine users, 206
Anticoagulation therapy, 2
- for atrial fibrillation, 186
- contraindication in aortic dissection, 256
- discontinuation in pericardial effusion, 148, 149- for pulmonary embolism, 260-261
Antihypertensive therapy, 264-271, 290, 291- clinical considerations in, 265- pathoph...
Antiplatelet therapy, 45
- hemorrhage as contraindication to, 39
- in high-risk patients, 302
- therapeutic applications of acute myocardial infarction, 139
- with catheter-based reperfusion strategies, 4
- non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 65-66
- supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, 182
- unstable angina, 78-80
Antithrombotic therapy, 46
- in elderly patients, 216
- hemorrhage as contraindication to, 39
as hemorrhage cause, 216
- racial differences in response to, 235-236
- therapeutic applications of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 66-67
- supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, 182
- unstable angina, 78-80
- in women, 216
Anxiety, ischemia-related, 81
Aorta, cocaine-related rupture of, 206-207
Aortic dissection
acute, diagnostic tests for, 48
ascending, 256-257
as chest pain cause, 11, 37, 256, 257
- classification of, 256, 257
- cocaine-related, 206-207
as contraindication to fibrinolytic therapy, 50
pericardial effusion associated with, 102
Aortic regurgitation, aortic dissectionrelated, 256
Aortic stenosis, as chest pain cause, 11, 252
Aortic valve disease, as chest pain cause, 252
Arrhythmias. See also specific types of arrhythmias fatal, 25
- myocardial infarction-related, 2- treatment of, during pre-coronary care
- unit era, 1-2 ventricular free wall rupture-related, 148
Arteries. See also specific arteries
- non-coronary, atherosclerotic plaque detection in, 303
Aspirin
allergy to, 65
antiplatelet effects of, 3-4, 45
as cardiovascular disease prophylaxis, 302
- contraindications to, 65
as myocardial infarction treatment, 139
- in cocaine-related myocardial infarction, 208
- in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 65, 78-79
- in unstable angina, 78-79
Atenolol, 267
as atrial fibrillation treatment, 185
Atherosclerosis
as mortality cause, 25
- pathophysiology of, 26-32
Atherosclerotic plaques composition of, 60
- echolucent carotid, 303
- erosion of, 29, 32
Atherosclerotic plaques (cont) inflammatory cells in, 31, 32
- in non-coronary arteries, 303
- progression of, 26
- rupture of, 26
as acute coronary syndrome cause, 29, 30
as myocardial infarction cause, 3
- role of inflammation in, 27-29, 31, 32
- "silent, " 32
- statins-related prevention of, 81
as thrombosis cause, 26
- triggers for, 32
as unstable angina cause, 3
- underneath thrombi, 32
- "vulnerable, " 26-27, 30-31
- imaging detection of, 303
- matrix disintegration theory of, 31
Atorvastatin, 81, 288, 289, 290
Atrial arrhythmias, atrial ischemiarelated, 177
Atrial fibrillation, 180
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