DeutschesFachbuch.de : Exploring English Grammar Von Geoff Sammon

INHALTSVERZEICHNIS | öffnen

Contents
Preface 9
IWord Order 13
I. 1 Overview
I. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Word order in statements and questions
2.2 Fronted negative or semi-negative adverbials
2.3 Cleft sentences
I. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Fronting
3.2 Inversion with verbs of reporting
Exercises
IITense and Aspect: The Progressive 27
II. 1 Overview
1.1 Definition of "tense"
1.1 Definition of "aspect"
II. 2 Normal Pattern: Progressive Aspect
2.1 Present Simple and Present Progressive
2.2 Past Simple and Past Progressive
2.3 Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive
2.4 Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Progressive
2.5 Infinitive and Progressive Infinitive
II. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Divergent Patterns: Simple Form for Progressive
3.2 Divergent Patterns: Progressive Form for Simple Form
3.3 Stative Verbs: Simple Form
3.4 Divergent Patterns: Stative Verbs in the Progressive
Exercises
IIITense and Aspect: The Perfective 47
III. 1 Overview
1.1 Definition: the Perfective Aspect
III. 2 Normal Pattern
2.1 Past: focus on past event or state
2.2 Past: historical events
2.3 Past used with Type 2 Stative verbs
2.4 Past used to express attitude
2.5 Perfect with since/for
2.6 Progression from Perfect to Past
2.7 Past Perfect
III. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Past with adverbs normally signalling Perfect
3.2 Present with since
Exercises
IVFuture Time 65
IV. 1 Overview
1.1 Future time reference
IV. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Future Simple
2.2 Future Progressive
2.3 be going to
2.4 Present Progressive
2.5 Present Simple
2.6 Other verb phrases with future reference
IV. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Present Simple used with personal plans
Exercises
VOther Tense Uses (Indirect Speech, Conditional Sentences)79
V. 1 Overview
V. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Indirect Speech
2.2 Conditional sentences
V. 3 Exceptions
3.1 No backshift in indirect speech
3.2 Use of will/would in conditional clauses
3.3 Use of should for would in British English
3.4"Mixed tenses" in conditional sentences
Exercises
VIModalverbs 101
VI. 1 Overview
VI. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Permission, possibility: can/could, may/might, etc.
2.2 Obligation, probability: have to, must, need, should, ought to
2.3 Volition, prediction: will/would, shall/should
2.4 Marginal modals: be to, be said to, be supposed to, dare, used to, would like to
VI. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Use of could in past achievement sense
Exercises
VIIThe Participle 127
VII. 1 Overview
VII. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Attribute
2.2 Complement
2.3 Adverbial modifier
VII. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Past Participles with active meaning
3.2 Adjectival features of participles
3.3 Tolerance of misrelated participles
Exercises
VIIIThe Gerund 145
VIII. 1 Overview
VIII. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 As subject
2.2 As object
2.3 After a preposition
2.4 In apposition
2.5 Gerund with its own subject
VIII. 3 Exceptions
3.1 No Gerund after would
3.2 No Gerund after the Progressive
Exercises
IXNumber 165
IX. 1 Overview
IX. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Countable and uncountable nouns
2.2 Regular noun plurals
IX. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Use of indefinite article with uncountable nouns
3.2 Irregular plurals in native words
3.3 Irregular plurals in foreign words
3.4 Nouns ending in -s taking a singular verb
3.5 Nouns ending in -ics normally taking a singular verb
3.6 Nouns ending in -s taking a plural verb
3.7 Nouns ending in -s taking singular and plural verbs
3.8 Collective nouns taking a plural verb
3.9 Notional concord
Exercises
XGender 189
X. 1 Overview
X. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Gender-marked class (masculine or feminine)
2.2 Gender-neutral class
2.3 Common gender
2.4 Neuter gender
X. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Neuter nouns used as gender-marked nouns
3.2 Specifying gender in gender-neutral nouns
Exercises
XICase 201
XI. 1 Overview
XI. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Morphological patterning of the genitive of nouns
2.2 Semantic patterning of the genitive of nouns
2.3 Syntactic patterning of the genitive of nouns
2.4 Case in the pronouns
XI. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Genitive of nouns ending in consonant + /z/ or /s/
3.2 Use of the -s genitive with inanimate nouns
3.3 Use of whom after prepositions
Exercises
XIIThe Adjective 217
XII. 1 Overview
XII. 2 Normal pattern
2.1 Position of adjectives
2.2 Comparison of adjectives
2.3 Adjectives used as nouns
XII. 3 Exceptions
3.1 Adjectives used after nouns
3.2 Adjectives only used before nouns
3.3 Adjectives only occurring predicatively
3.4 Differences in attributive and predicative usage
3.5 Adjectives as uncountable nouns: the supernatural
3.6 Adjectives as countable nouns: the Greens
Exercises
XIIIThe Adverbial 237
[weiter lesen]

REGISTER | öffnen

Index
Rug, Wolfgang, Andreas Tomaszewski, Grammatik mit Sinn und Verstand. Munich, 1993.
Sinclair, John, Collins Cobuild English Grammar. London, 1990.
Strang, Barbara, A History of English. London, 1970.
Swan, Michael, Practical English Usage. Oxford, 1995 (2 nd ed.).
Ungerer, Friedrich, Englische Grammatik heute. Stuttgart, 2000.
A
adjectival complement, extended 132
adjective, attributive 218, 227, 238 f.
adjective, comparison 218
adjective, history 218
adjective, position 218
adjective, predicative 218, 227, 239
adjectives only used attributively 226
adjectives only used predicatively 227
adjectives used after nouns 223 ff.
adjectives used as nouns 211 ff., 228 f.
adjectives used before or after nouns 226
adjectives, nominalised 221 ff.
adverb, definition 237
adverb, derivational 238
adverb, history 239
adverbials, negative in front position 16 ff.
adverbials, negative in subordinate clause 17
adverbials, see also adverbs
adverbials, semi-negative in front position 16 ff.
adverbs between main verb and object 15
adverbs formed from adjectives in -ic 248
adverbs formed from adjectives in -ly 248 f.
adverbs in -ly 240
adverbs with or without -ly 241 f.
adverbs without -ly 240 f.
adverbs, comparison 240
adverbs, connectors 242
adverbs, downgraders 243 f.
adverbs, focus 242
adverbs, frequency 243
adverbs, intensifiers 243
adverbs, manner 244
adverbs, negative 16 ff., 246
adverbs, place 244
adverbs, position 16 ff., 245 ff., 249 ff.
adverbs, restrictive 16 ff., 246
adverbs, semantic classes 242 ff.
adverbs, semi-negative, see adverbs, restrictive
adverbs, sentence adverbs 244
adverbs, time 244 f.
adverbs, upgraders 243
advise with gerund or infinitive 150
all with and without definite article 260
allomorph 169
allophone 170
allow with gerund or infinitive 150
also, position 242
alternation, allophonic 170
American usage 48, 51, 54, 89, 107, 109, 111, 170, 180, 263, 265, 267
amplifiers, see adverbs, upgraders
analytic (language) 202
animate 72
apposition, definition 153
article after all 260
article, abstract nouns 267 f.
article, acronyms 265
article, alphabetisms 272
article, collective nouns 261
article, common nouns 260 ff.
article, days, etc. 263
article, diseases 267
article, geographical names 263, 209 f.
article, history 259 f.
article, institutions 265 f.
article, magazines, etc. 265, 271
article, meals 267
article, months 263
article, nationality nouns 261
article, newspapers, etc. 271 f.
article, parts of day, night 266
article, planes 271
article, proper nouns 262 ff., 268 ff.
article, seasons 266
article, ships 271
aspect 28 ff.
aspect, definition 28
attempt with gerund or infinitive 149, 156
attitudinal use, Past 52, 79
attitudinal use, Progressive Form 39
auxiliaries, word order in complex verb phrase 14
aversion to with gerund 153
B
backshift of tenses 83, 87, 90 f., 106
be able to 105
be about to 74
be allowed to (permission) 103
be going to 71 ff.
be on the point of 74
be permitted to (permission) 103
be said to (reporting) 114
be supposed to (expectation) 114 f.
be supposed to (reporting) 114
be to (orders) 114
be to (plans) 114
be, Progressive Form 37
begin with gerund or infinitive 149, 156
C
can (permission) 103
can (possibility) 104 f.
Canadian English 48
case, common 154, 161, 202
case, definition 201
case, genitive 202 ff.
case, history 210 f.
case, objective 154, 206 ff.
case, of genitive 201, 210
case, pronouns 206 ff.
case, subjective 206 ff.
chance with preposition and gerund or infinitive 150 f.
clause, conditional 85 f.
clause, contact 283
clause, reported and reporting 80
clause, temporal 67, 87
cleft sentences 18 f., 208
collective nouns as antecedents of relative clauses 284
collective nouns with definite article 261
comparison of adjectives, analytic 218 ff.
comparison of adjectives, synthetic 218 ff.
complement, extended adjectival 132
complement, object 134 f.
complement, subject 133 f.
compound participle 128
concord, grammatical 178
concord, notional 178 ff.
concord, notional, after quantifiers 179
concord, notional, with collective nouns 179 f.
conditional sentences 67, 79
conditional sentences, definition 85
conditional sentences, history 79
conditional sentences, open conditions 86 f.
conditions, hypothetical 86, 87
conditions, impossible 88
conditions, improbable 88 f.
conditions, open 86, 89
conditions, real, see conditions, open
conditions, unreal, see conditions, hypothetical
Congress, article 262
consider with gerund or infinitive 148
continue with gerund or infinitive 149, 156
Continuous Form, see Progressive Form
contracted form 66
copula 151, 154, 250
could (permission) 103
could (possibility) 104 f.
could, past achievement 117
count(able) noun, see nouns, countable
D
dare 115
definite article, see article
determiners with noun classes 166
downtoners, see adverbs, downgrades 244
drunken versus drunk (adjectives) 227
durative 28
dynamic verbs 36
E
encourage with gerund or infinitive 150
Expanded Form, see Progressive Form
F
fictional present 35
forget with gerund or infinitive 148
fronting 16, 18 f.
fronting in German 18 f.
Future Progressive 69 ff.
Future Progressive, polite use 70 f.
future time reference, history 66
future, external factors 67 f., 72 f.
future, internal factors 66 f., 72
G
gender, common 194
gender, definition 189
gender, feminine 190 f.
gender, gender-marked class 190 f.
gender, gender-neutral class 190 f., 196
gender, grammatical 189
gender, history 190
gender, masculine 190 f.
gender, natural 189
gender, neuter 295
genitive with inanimate nouns 210
genitive, apostrophe confusion 204
genitive, double 204
genitive, group 205 f.
genitive, local 204
genitive, nouns in consonant + /z/ or /s/ 210
genitive, semantic patterning 203 f.
genitive, syntactic patterning 204 ff.
gerund as adverbial modifier 147, 150 ff.
gerund as object 147 ff.
gerund as subject 147
gerund contrasted with Present Participle 129
gerund or infinitive after prepositions 150 ff.
gerund used in apposition 153 f.
gerund with own subject 154 f.
[weiter lesen]