DeutschesFachbuch.de : Turbulent Particle-Laden Gas Flows Von Aleksei Y. Varaksin

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Contents
1 Concise Information About Single-Phase and Heterogeneous Turbulent Flows 1
1.1 Preliminary Remarks 1
1.2 Equations of Single-Phase Turbulent Flows 1
1.2.1 Algebraic Models of Turbulence 4
1.2.2 One-Parameter Models of Turbulence 6
1.2.3 Two-Parameter Models of Turbulence 7
1.3 Main Characteristics of Single-Phase Flows 9
1.3.1 Distributions of Averaged Velocity 9
1.3.2 Distributions of Averaged Fluctuation Velocities 11
1.3.3 Turbulent Energy 12
1.3.4 Energy Spectrum of Turbulence 13
1.3.5 Correlations in Turbulent Flows 13
1.3.6 Scales of Turbulent Flows 15
1.4 Main Characteristics of Heterogeneous Flows 17
1.4.1 Time of Dynamic Relaxation of Particles 17
1.4.2 Time of Thermal Relaxation of Particles 18
1.4.3 Stokes Numbers 18
1.4.4 Particle Concentration 19
1.5 Classification of Heterogeneous Turbulent Flows 22
2 Mathematical Simulation of Particle-Laden Gas Flows 27
2.1 Preliminary Remarks 27
2.2 Special Features of Simulation of Heterogeneous Flows of Different Types...
2.3 Description of Motion of Solid Particles Suspended in Turbulent Flow 30
2.3.1 Lagrangian Approach 30
2.3.2 Eulerian Continuum Approach 39
2.4 Description of Motion of Gas Carrying Solid Particles 42
2.4.1 Algebraic Models 45
2.4.2 One-Parameter Models 46
2.4.3 Two-Parameter Models 48
2.4.4 Methods of Direct Numerical Simulation 48
3 Physical Simulation of Particle-Laden Gas Flows 51
3.1 Preliminary Remarks 51
3.2 Laser Doppler Anemometry and its Advantages 52
3.3 Special Features and Objectives of Experimental Studies of Heterogeneous ...
3.4 Special Features of Studies of the Behavior of Solid Particles 57
3.4.1 Optimization of LDA Parameters 58
3.4.2 Measurement of the Velocities of Poly disperse Particles 61
3.4.3 Monitoring of the Accuracy of the Results 67
3.4.4 Measurement of the Relative Concentration of Particles 68
3.5 Special Features of Studies of the Effect of Solid Particles on Gas F...
3.5.1 Estimation of Cross-talk: Methods of Signal Selection 75
3.5.2 Estimation of the Efficiency of Amplitude Selection of Signals 78
3.6 Experimental Apparatuses 85
3.6.1 Experimental Setup for Studying Upward Flows of Gas Suspension 86
3.6.2 Experimental Setup for Studying Downward Flows of Gas Suspension 87
3.6.3 The Choice of Particle Characteristics: An Example 88
4 Particle-Laden Channel Flows 91
4.1 Preliminary Remarks 91
4.2 The Behavior of Solid Particles and Their Effect on Gas Flow 92
4.2.1 Averaged Velocities of Gas and Particles 92
4.2.2 Fluctuation Velocities of Gas and Particles 98
4.2.3 The Effect of Particles on the Energy Spectrum and Scales of Turbule...
4.2.4 Generalization of Datal 111
4.3 Simulation of the Effect of Particles on Turbulent Energy of Gas 115
4.3.1 The Dissipation of Turbulent Energy by Small Particles 116
4.3.2 The Generation of Turbulent Energy by Large Particles 119
4.3.3 The Effect of Particles on Turbulent Energy of Gas 121
5 Particle-Laden Flows Past Bodies 127
5.1 Preliminary Remarks 127
5.2 A Flow with Particles in the Region of the Critical Point of a Body ...
5.2.1 Theoretical Investigations 129
5.2.2 Experimental Investigations 138
5.3 A Particle-Laden Flow in the Boundary Layer of a Body Subjected to Fl...
5.3.1 Theoretical Investigations 151
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Index
AAerodynamic drag force
- effect of, 31
- expression of, 31
Algebraic models, of turbulence, 45-47
- Boussinesq gradient approach, 5
- use of, 6
Amplitude signals selection efficiency, 78-85
Averaged velocities, of gases and
- particles, 92-98
Axisymmetric flow, 129
BBody drag, in particle-laden flow, 165-168
Boundary layer, 135, 150
Boussinesq gradient approach, 5
Boussinesq hypothesis, application of, 5
CCarrier air velocity
- transverse fluctuations of, 100-101
Carrier gas and suspended particles
- streamlines of, 136-137
Classical data of Laufer, 11
Correlation coefficients, 13, 14
Critical point of body, to heterogeneous
- flow, 128
Cross-talk, estimation of, 75-78
DDimensionless parameters, 111
Direct numerical simulation (DNS)
- method, 48-49
Dispersed particles, in gas
- signal amplitude selection, efficiency of, 78-83
- signal selection by, methods of, 77
Dissipation factor, 118
Dissipation of turbulence, 112
Distributed density of dispersed phase, fluctuation of, 30
Doppler signal, 54, 55, 59
Downward heteregenous flow structure, study of, 87
Drag coefficient, 125
Dust-laden flow past body, 132
Dust-laden flows, 92
Dynamic slip, 151, 167
EEffective measuring volume, for large
- particles, 79
Energy spectrum of turbulence
- plastic particles effect on, 107-109
Energy-carrying turbulent eddies, 104
Equations of continuity, motion, and
energy, 2-3
Equilibrium flow
- of averaged velocities, 93
- of fluctuation velocities, 98
Eulerian (two-fluid) and Eulerian-Lagrangian models advantages and disadvantages of, ...
- aspects of, 28
Eulerian continuum approach, 28, 30, 136
Eulerian time autocorrelation,
- coefficient of, 15, 16
Eulerian time coefficient, 14-16
Eulerian time microscales of turbulence, 17
FFluctuation motion and heat transfer, of particles in different flows, 37-39
- Langrangian equations, 35-37
Fluctuation velocity, of gases and particles, 98
Form factor H, 162
Frontal point, see Critical point of body
GGas and particles
- averaged velocities of, 92
- fluctuation velocities of, 98
- velocity longitudinal component of, 151
- velocity transverse component of, 152
Gas flow, solid particles in
- cross-talk and, 75, 84, 85
- signal selection and monitoring, 77, 84
- solid particles effect on, 92
Gas motion, carrying solid particles
- effects of particles, 45
- equations describing, models for, 45-49
Gas velocity
- longitudinal component of, 136
Glass particles
- fluctuation velocity of, 157
- velocities of,
distribution of, 141-148
Gravity force, effect on particle motion, 32
HHeterogeneous flow characteristics, 96
- experimental investigations of, 138
Heterogeneous flows
- aerodynamic drag of bodies in, 167
- characteristics of, 17-22
- classification by volume concentration, 22-25
- coefficient of friction in, 153-154
- experimental studies of, features and objectives, 55-57
- gas phase of, fluctuation velocity of, 100
- in channels, 91-92
- in cylinder with flat end, 143
- in cylinder with hemispherical end, 141
- mathematical models classes of, 28-29
- physical quantities of, 112
- special features of simulation, 28
- stabilization of, 96
Heterogeneous flows past bodies, 127
- classification of modes, 128
- integral characteristic of, 129
- past a cylinder, 131-135
- past a sphere, 131
Heterogeneous turbulent flows
- characteristics of, 17-22
- classifications, 22
IInertia effect, of particles, 149
Interference lattice spacing, 53, 61
Interference volume, 53
KKolmogorov hypotheses, 6
Kolmogorov-Prandtl relation, 9
LLagrangian approach, 30-39
Lagrangian equation of solid particle motion, 31
Lagrangian equations, 130
- for fluctuation motion of particles, 35-37
Lagrangian scales of turbulence, 16
Laminar boundary layer
- Blasius profile for, 160
Laminar heterogeneous flow, 151
Laminar-turbulent transition, 161-162
- heterogeneous flow, 163
- single phase flow, 163
Large eddy simulation (LES) method, 48
Large particles, flow with
- averaged velocities in, 97
- fluctuation velocities in, 107
Large-scale fluctuation motion, inertia
- of particles in, 19
Laser Doppler anemometer(s) (LDA)
55 L 90 a processor, application of, 59
- Dantec's, 58
- parameters, optimization of, 58
- relative concentration measurement and, 68-75
- senstivity of, 65
- velocities of dispersed particles and, 61-67
- volume measurement of, 54
Laser doppler anemometry, 52-55
LDA 10
- two-channel three-beam laser Doppler anemometer, 58, 70, 82
Limiting trajectories, of particles, 131
Logarithmic law of the wall, 10
Low-inertia particles, 93
MMagnus force, effect on particle motion, 33, 34
Mass concentration, 19
Mathematical models of heterogeneous
- flows, 28
Mie scattering theory, 58
Millionshchikov hypothesis, and
Reynolds equation, 4
Mixing length theory of Prandtl, 5
Monodisperse flows, 114, 115
NNavier-stokes equations applications of, 3, 48
Nonequilibrium flow, 24, 38
- averaged velocities in, 94-97
- fluctuation velocities in, 99-107
Nonisothermal sedimentation, 133
Nonshear turbulent flows, 6
Number density, 21
OOne-parameter models, of turbulence, 6, 7
PParticle characterstics, choice of, 88-90
Particle concentration, and heterogeneous flow, 19
Particle motion
- theoretical investigations of, 129-138
- trajectories of, 130-132
Particle photographs, 89
Particle volume concentrat on, expression of, 29
Particle-laden flow
- body drag in, 165-168
- in boundary layer, 150
Particle-laden gas flows
- experimental apparatuses for, 85-87
- motion of suspended particles, description of, 30-42
Pitot tubes, 92
Polydisperse flow, 114, 115
Polydispersed particles, velocities of effect of LDA senstivity, 66
- measurement using LDA, 61-67
Prandtl theory, and disadvantage of, 5
Prandtl-Nikuradse mixing length, 16
-"Pseudolaminar" boundary layer
- averaged velocities in, 159, 161 "Pure" air and plastic particles
- averaged velocities of, 97, 98
- fluctuation velocity of, 99 "Pure" air and solid particles
- averaged velocities of, 95-97
- fluctuation velocity of, 100, 101, 104
QQuartz particles trajectories, 134, 135
Quasiequilibrium flow, 24, 37-38
- averaged velocities of, 93-94- fluctuation velocity of, 98-99
RRebounded particles, 148
Relative concentration measurement, for particles, 68-70
- by PM anode current, 73-75
- using frequency of incoming signal, 71-73
Relative drag coefficient, 165-167
Results accuracy monitoring, 67-68
Reynolds number, 9, 11, 18, 31, 32, 93, 96, 111, 113, 155-156, 163
Reynolds shear stress, 120
Reynolds stresses, transfer equation for, 3, 4
Russian Academy of Sciences, 85
SSaffman force, effect on particle motion, 32
Saffman lift force, 154
Sedimentation factor, 129, 133, 135
- as function of Stokes number, 149-150
- gravity effect on, 130
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