DeutschesFachbuch.de : Turbulent Particle-Laden Gas Flows Von Aleksei Y. Varaksin

Contents

1	Concise Information About Single-Phase and Heterogeneous Turbulent Flows			1

	1.1	Preliminary Remarks		1
	1.2	Equations of Single-Phase Turbulent Flows		1
		1.2.1	Algebraic Models of Turbulence	4
		1.2.2	One-Parameter Models of Turbulence	6
		1.2.3	Two-Parameter Models of Turbulence	7
	1.3	Main Characteristics of Single-Phase Flows		9
		1.3.1	Distributions of Averaged Velocity	9
		1.3.2	Distributions of Averaged Fluctuation Velocities	11
		1.3.3	Turbulent Energy	12
		1.3.4	Energy Spectrum of Turbulence	13
		1.3.5	Correlations in Turbulent Flows	13
		1.3.6	Scales of Turbulent Flows	15
	1.4	Main Characteristics of Heterogeneous Flows		17
		1.4.1	Time of Dynamic Relaxation of Particles	17
		1.4.2	Time of Thermal Relaxation of Particles	18
		1.4.3	Stokes Numbers	18
		1.4.4	Particle Concentration	19
	1.5	Classification of Heterogeneous Turbulent Flows		22

2	Mathematical Simulation of Particle-Laden Gas Flows			27
	2.1	Preliminary Remarks		27
	2.2	Special Features of Simulation of Heterogeneous Flows of Different Types		28
	2.3	Description of Motion of Solid Particles Suspended in Turbulent Flow		30
		2.3.1	Lagrangian Approach	30
		2.3.2	Eulerian Continuum Approach	39
	2.4	Description of Motion of Gas Carrying Solid Particles		42
		2.4.1	Algebraic Models	45
		2.4.2	One-Parameter Models	46
		2.4.3	Two-Parameter Models	48
		2.4.4	Methods of Direct Numerical Simulation	48

3	Physical Simulation of Particle-Laden Gas Flows			51
	3.1	Preliminary Remarks		51
	3.2	Laser Doppler Anemometry and its Advantages		52
	3.3	Special Features and Objectives of Experimental Studies of Heterogeneous Flows		55
	3.4	Special Features of Studies of the Behavior of Solid Particles		57
		3.4.1	Optimization of LDA Parameters	58
		3.4.2	Measurement of the Velocities of Poly disperse Particles	61
		3.4.3	Monitoring of the Accuracy of the Results	67
		3.4.4	Measurement of the Relative Concentration of Particles	68
	3.5	Special Features of Studies of the Effect of Solid Particles on Gas Flow		75
		3.5.1	Estimation of Cross-talk: Methods of Signal Selection	75
		3.5.2	Estimation of the Efficiency of Amplitude Selection of Signals	78
	3.6	Experimental Apparatuses		85
		3.6.1	Experimental Setup for Studying Upward Flows of Gas Suspension	86
		3.6.2	Experimental Setup for Studying Downward Flows of Gas Suspension	87
		3.6.3	The Choice of Particle Characteristics: An Example	88

4	Particle-Laden Channel Flows			91
	4.1	Preliminary Remarks		91
	4.2	The Behavior of Solid Particles and Their Effect on Gas Flow		92
		4.2.1	Averaged Velocities of Gas and Particles	92
		4.2.2	Fluctuation Velocities of Gas and Particles	98
		4.2.3	The Effect of Particles on the Energy Spectrum and Scales of Turbulence of Gas	107
		4.2.4	Generalization of Datal	111
	4.3	Simulation of the Effect of Particles on Turbulent Energy of Gas		115
		4.3.1	The Dissipation of Turbulent Energy by Small Particles	116
		4.3.2	The Generation of Turbulent Energy by Large Particles	119
		4.3.3	The Effect of Particles on Turbulent Energy of Gas	121

5	Particle-Laden Flows Past Bodies			127
	5.1	Preliminary Remarks		127
	5.2	A Flow with Particles in the Region of the Critical Point of a Body		128
		5.2.1	Theoretical Investigations	129
		5.2.2	Experimental Investigations	138
	5.3	A Particle-Laden Flow in the Boundary Layer of a Body Subjected to Flow		150
		5.3.1	Theoretical Investigations	151
		5.3.2	Experimental Investigations	156
	5.4	The Body Drag in Particle-Laden Flows		165

Conclusions				169

References				173

Index				187