DeutschesFachbuch.de : Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants

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1 Drug Discovery from Plants
A. A. Salim, Y.-W. Chin and A. D. Kinghorn
1.1 The Role of Plants in Human History 1
1.2 The Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Drug Development 4
1.2.1 Plant Secondary Metabolites as Drug Precursors 4
1.2.2 Plant Secondary Metabolites as Drug Prototypes 6
1.2.3 Plant Secondary Metabolites as Pharmacological Probes 8
1.3 Recent Developments in Drug Discovery from Plants 9
1.3.1 New Plant-Derived Drugs Launched Since 20019
1.3.2 Examples of Plant-Derived Compounds Currently Involved in Clinical Tria...
1.3.3 Plant Extracts Currently Involved in Clinical Trials 15
1.4 Recent Trends and Future Directions 18
2 Grapevine Stilbenes and Their Biological Effects
P. Waffo-Teguo, S. Krisa, T. Richard and J. M. Mérillon
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Epidemiology 26
2.3 Chemistry of Stilbenes 27
2.3.1 Characterisation 27
2.3.1.1 Monomers 27
2.3.1.2 Oligomers 29
2.3.2 Biosynthetic Pathway 32
2.3.3 Distribution in Vit is vinifera 33
2.3.4 Determination of Stilbenes in Wine 33
2.4 Biological and Pharmacological Activities 35
2.4.1 Bioavailability and Metabolism 35
2.4.2 Cardiovascular Protection 39
2.4.2.1 Antioxidant Activity 39
2.4.2.2 Antithrombotic and Vasoprotective Properties 41
2.4.2.3 Biological Activities after Ingestion of Polyphenols or Wine 42
2.4.3 Cancer Chemoprevention 43
2.4.4 Neurodegenerative Diseases 46
2.5 Conclusion 49
3 Research into Isoflavonoid Phyto-oestrogens in Plant Cell Cultures
M. T. Luczkiewicz
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 The Influence of the Basic Experimental Media on the Biosynthesis of I...
3.3 The Influence of Physical Factors on the Biosynthesis and Accumulation ...
3.4 The Effect of Technological Procedures on the Biosynthesis and Accumulat...
3.4.1 Elicitation 61
3.4.2 Supplementation with Biosynthesis Precursors 70
3.4.3 Biotransformation 71
3.4.4 Genetic Modifications 73
3.5 In Vitro Cultures of Legume Plants Oriented for Selective Production of...
4 Secondary Metabolite Production from Plant Cell Cultures: the Success Stor...
S. Kintzios
4.1 Introduction: Cell Factories at the Cross Point 86
4.2 Rosmarinic Acid 87
4.2.1 General Information 87
4.2.2 Historical Development of In Vitro RA Production - a Brief Overview 87
4.2.3 Stimulation of Biosynthetic Pathways Leads to Enhanced RA Accumulation ...
4.2.4 Is RA Biosynthesis Growth Dependent?89
4.2.5 Is RA Accumulation Related to Culture Differentiation?90
4.2.6 Recent Attempts to Scale Up RA Production 91
4.2.7 RA Production in Immobilized Cell Cultures 92
4.3 Taxol 92
4.3.1 General Information 92
4.3.2 Historical Development of In Vitro Taxol Production - a Brief Overview...
4.3.3 Stimulation of Biosynthetic Pathways Leads to Enhanced Taxol Accumulati...
4.3.4 Is Taxol Biosynthesis Growth and Differentiation Dependent?96
4.3.5 Recent Attempts to Scale Up Taxol Production 97
4.3.6 Taxol Production in Immobilized Cell Cultures 97
4.4 Conclusions 98
5 Guggulsterone: a Potent Natural Hypolipidemic Agent from Commiphora wightii...
K. G. Ramawat, M. Mathur, S. Dass and S. Suthar
5.1 Introduction 102
5.2 Distribution 102
5.3 Biology 102
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Subject Index
AAcacia catechu 16
Acacia Senegal, gum arabic,
AGPs 264
Accelerated discovery techniques 1
Acetaminophen 133
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) 10, 167
- inhibitors 14
Acitus sulcatus, guggulsterol 108
Acquilaria malaccensis 339
Actinic keratoses 14
Adaptogens, roseroot 298
Adhatoda vasica 357
Adhyperforin 150
Aegelin 356
AG 256
- dietary fiber/prebiotics 264
Agave americana 358
AGP 256, 259
abiotic stress tolerance 263
- reproductive organ development 261
- signaling 262
Agrobacterium rhizogenes 170, 243, 272, 274
Ailanthus grandis, guggulsterol 108
Ajmalicine 273
- spectrofluorometry 288
Ajmaline 273
Alkaloid identification 288
Alkaloids, plant cell/tissue cultures 165
Alliin 358
Alzheimer's disease (AD) 9
- galanthamine hydrobromide 168
- ginkgo 17
- huperzine 11
- ZT-1 14
Amanita phalloides, Silymarin 131
Amanitin, Silymarin 131
Ammi majus, coumarine/furocoumarine 275
Ammoniacum gum 364
Amyloidosis, colchicine 220
Anaplastic thyroid cancer 13
Andrographolides 356
Angelica acutiloba,
arabinogalactans 259
Anthranilate synthase (AS) 278
Anthraquinones, light-activated 150
Antibiotics, phytoremediation 279
Anticarcinogenic effects, Silymarin 134
Anticholinesterase activity,
bacosides 184
Antidepressant, St. John's wort 152
Antidiarrheals 8
Antihypertensive 273
Anti-inflammatory action, Silymarin 132, 136
Antimitotic agents, colchicine 220
Antimuscarinic agent 8
Antioxidant activity 39
Antipsychotic agents 8
Antiretroviral drugs 12
Antithrombotic properties 41
Antivirals 11
Anxiety neurosis, Bacopa monnieri 188
Apokyn 10
Apomorphine 10
Apoptosis 17, 317
Arabidopsis thaliana, tagged hairy roots 277
Arabinogalactan 256
Arachidonic acid 16
Araucaria angustifolia, AGPs 261
Aromatic plants 336
Artemisia annua 329
Artharvaveda 3
Asparagus racemosus 336, 343, 356
Asthma 8
Astringin 45
Atropa belladonna 2, 7, 166, 170, 357
Atropine 7
analog 10
Ayurvedic medicine 3
Azadirachta excelsa 248
Azadirachta indica 234, 243
Azadirachtin,
- in vitro production 234
- marker compound 356
- plant cell/tissue culture 243
- stability 249
BBacopa monnieri 175
- saponins 184
- tissue culture 190
Bacosides 176, 356
Bacterial strains, selection 286
Baicalin 16
Balsam (guggul) 103
Banisteriopsis caapi 2
Baptisia tinctoria, arabinogalactans 259
Bcl-2 318
Behcet's syndrome, colchicine 220
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids 167
Berberine 366
Bergenin 45
Beta vulgaris, betalaine 276
Betulinic acid 11, 12
Bevirimat 11, 12
Bilobalide 17
Biochanin A 59
Boswellic acids 357
Bottlebrush plant 10
Bradycardia (low heart rate) 8
Brahmine 183
Bronchodilators 8
Bronchospasm 10
CCA 4 P 13
Cadmium, phytoextraction 280
Calabar bean
Callistemon citrinus 10
Camellia sinensis 2
Camptotheca acuminata 199, 273
Camptothecin (CPT) 7, 11, 197, 273, 337
Cancer chemoprevention 25, 43
Cannabidiol 17
Cannabinoids 17
Cannabis sativa 2, 17
Capsaicin 11, 12
Carcinogenesis promotion, models 9
Cardiovascular disease 11
Cardiovascular protection 25, 39
Castanospermine 13
Castanospermum austral 13
Castor oil 341
Catechins 318, 321
Catharanthine, HPLC 288
Catharanthus roseus, alkaloids 19
- globular cell cultures 159
- hairy roots 286
- leaves, genetic transformation 289
- tagged hairy roots 277, 278
Cathechin 16
Ceflatonine 11, 13
Celgosivir 11, 13
Cell factories 86
Cephalotaxus harringtonia 13
Ceric ammonium sulphate 288
Chandraprabhavati 366
Chantix 11
Chemopreventive effects, Silymarin 134
Chlorophytum borivilianum 326
Cholinesterase inhibitory activity 167
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 10
CHS 61
Cicer arietinum, isoflavonoid 77
Cigarette smoking 11
Cinchona officinalis 326, 365
Cinchotannic acid 365
Clinical trials 1, 11
Cocaine 2
Cocoa 2
Codeine 167, 273
Coffea arabica 2
Coffee 2
Colchicine 4, 192, 216, 326, 337
- gout pain 220
- production 225
- toxicity 218
Coleus blumei, rosmarinic acid 86
Combretastatin A 4 11, 13
Combretum caffrum 13
Commiphora wightii 101, 327, 343, 356-358, 366
Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) 340
Coniferin 273
Cortisone 5
Coumestrol 61
CPT 7, 11, 197, 273, 337
Croton oil 9
Croton tiglium 9
Curcuma longa, arabinogalactans 259
Cybister tripuncatus, prothoracic defensive gland secretion 108
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG)
channels 8
Cyclooxygenase (COX-l/COX-2) 16
Cyclopseudohypericin 151
Cytisine 11
Cytisus laburnum 11
Cytochrome P 450 45
DDaidzein 15, 58, 64, 71, 80, 319
Datura spp. 2
DDT, hairy root phytoremediation 280 10-Deacetylbaccatin 5
Deadly nightshade 2
Dehydromatricaria ester 273 1-Deoxyxylulose 239
Depression, St. John's wort 152
Devil's claw 16
Diabetes 7
Dianthrones, St. John's wort 149
2, 4-Dichlorophenol,
hairy root phytoremediation 280
Dimethylbiguanide 7
N, N-Dimethyltryptamine 2
Dioscorea deltoidea 339
Dioscorea spp 5, 19
Diosgenin 5, 19
Disodium phosphate prodrug 13
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