DeutschesFachbuch.de : Biophotonics Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering

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Contents
1 Light Conversion in Photosynthetic Organisms
S. Frigerio, R. Bassi, and G. M. Giacometti 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Chloroplast Structure 2
1.3 Pigments and Light Absorption 3
1.4 Photosynthetic Apparatus 4
1.4.1 Photosystem II 6
1.4.2 Photosystem I 7
1.4.3 Cytochrome b 6 f 8
1.4.4 ATP Synthase 8
1.5 Cyclic Phosphorylation 9
1.6 Photoinhibition 10
References 13
2 Exploiting Photosynthesis for Biofuel Production
C. Govoni, T. Morosinotto, G. Giuliano, and R. Bassi 15
2.1 Biological Production of Vehicle Traction Fuels: Bioethanol and Biodiesel...
2.1.1 Bioethanol 17
2.1.2 Biodiesel 18
2.1.3 Biofuels Still Present Limitations Preventing Their Massive Utilization ...
2.2 Hydrogen Biological Production by Fermentative Processes 19
2.2.1 Hydrogen Production by Bacterial Fermentation 20
2.3 Hydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Organisms 21
2.3.1 Cyanobacteria 22
2.3.2 Eukaryotic Algae 23
2.4 Challenges in Algal Hydrogen Production 23
2.4.1 Oxygen Sensitivity of Hydrogen Production 23
2.4.2 Optimization of Light Harvesting in Bioreactors 25
References 27
3 In Between Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition: The Fundamental Role of Car...
G. Bonente, L. Dall'Osto, and R. Bassi 29
3.1 When Light Becomes Dangerous for a Photosynthetic Organism 29
3.2 Acclimation 31
3.3 State 1-State 2 Transitions 32
3.4 Carotenoids Play a Fundamental Role in Many Photoprotection Mechanisms 33
3.5 Analysis of Xanthophyll Function In Vivo 36
3.6 Nonphotochemical Quenching 38
3.7 Feedback Deexcitation of Singlet-Excited Chlorophylls: qE 39
3.8 Z\pH - Independent Energy Thermal Dissipation (ql)40
3.9 Chlorophyll Triplet Quenching 41
3.10 Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species 41
3.11 Conclusions 43
References 44
4 Non-Linear Microscopy
D. Mazza, P. Bianchini, V. Caorsi, F. Cella, P. P. Mondai, E. Ronzitti, I. ...
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Chronological Notes on MPE 48
4.3 Principles of Confocal and Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy 49
4.3.1 Fluorescence 49
4.3.2 Confocal Principles and Laser Scanning Microscopy 50
4.3.3 Point Spread Function of a Confocal Microscope 52
4.4 Two-Photon Excitation 55
4.5 Two-Photon Optical Sectioning 59
4.6 Two-Photon Optical Setup 60
4.7 Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Imaging 63
4.8 Conclusions 65
References 66
5 Applications of Optical Resonance to Biological Sensing and Imaging: I. S...
M. S. Unlil, A. Yalcin, M. Dogan, L. Moiseev, A. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, and...
5.1 High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging 71
5.2 Self-Interference Imaging 71
5.3 Physical Model of SSFM 73
5.3.1 Classical Dipole Emission Model 73
5.4 Acquisition and Data Processing 75
5.4.1 Microscope Setup 75
5.4.2 Fitting Algorithm 76
5.5 Experimental Results 77
5.5.1 Monolayers of Fluorophores on Silicon Oxide Surfaces: Fluorescein, Quan...
5.5.2 Conformation of Surface-Immobilized DNA 79
5.6 SSFM in 4 Pi Configuration 82
5.7 Conclusions 84
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Index
1 D photonic crystal, 103
2 D photonic crystal, 103
AActive pixel sensor, 239
Avidin, 200
BBiosensor, 107, 199
BSA, 120
CCarotenoids, 3, 31, 42
CARS:Coherent anti-Stokes Raman, 48
CCD, 239
Chlorophylls, 3, 29
Chloroplasts, 2
DDHM, 164
DHM Life Cell Imaging, 171
DHM numerical focus, 170
DHM resolution, 170
Digital Holographic Microscopy, 164
Digital holographic reconstruction, 166
Distal endoscopic ESPI, 158
DNA, 114
Double exposure subtraction ESPI, 152
EEffective dielectric constant, 110
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, 152
ESPI, 152
FFluorescence, 49
Fluorescent dye molecule, 87
Functionalization, 111
GGenetic engineering, 202
Genome, 177
Genomics, 219
Gram bacteria, 114
Greenhouse effect, 15
HHydrogenases, 19
IIgG, 117
KKeratinocytes, 301
LLabel-free, 88
Label-free optical biosensing, 109
Laser tissue welding, 275
Light cone, 104
Light harvesting complexes, 6
MMach-Zehnder interferometer, 128
Michelson-type interferometer, 128
Microcavity, 94, 105, 110, 111, 121
Microscopic Speckle Interferometry, 161
Multi-photon microscopy, 47
Mutant Type protein, 195
NNDRM, 166
Non diffractive reconstruction, 166
OOphthalmology, 127
Optical tweezers, 249
Optrodes, 204, 207
PPhosphorescennce, 49
Photonic bandgap, 105
Photonic crystals, 101
Photosynthesis, 1, 17
Plasmid, 194
Porous silicon, 107
Proteomeics, 219
Proteomics, 221
Proximal endoscopic ESPI, 156
QQuantum dots, 178
SSecond harmonic generation, 48
Sensitivity vector, 153
Setups for DHM, 165
Silanization, 114
Single photon avalanche diode, SPAD, 239
Singlet oxygen, 30
Spatial phase shifting, 153
SPS, 153
Stable transfection, 194
Streptavidin, 115
TThylakoids, 2, 6
Transfection, 194
Transient transfection, 194
Two-photon cross-section, 58
VVector, 194
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