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Contents
Preface 7
Introduction (by Rosemarie Gläser) 9
1 What is Phraseology? 15
1.1 Terminology 15
1.2 The main characteristics of a phraseological unit (PU) 17
1.2.1 Polylexemic structure 17
1.2.2 Stability 19
1.2.3 Lexicalization 21
1.2.4 Idiomaticity 22
1.2.5 Connotations 23
1.2.6 Transformational deficiencies 26
1.2.7 Other types of anomalies 27
Exercises 29
2 Classification 35
2.2 Conventional types of PUs in the majority of systemic descriptions 39
2.2.1 Phraseological nominations 39
2.2.2 (Irreversible) Binomials 40
2.2.3 Stereotyped comparisons 43
2.2.4 Proverbs 44
2.2.5 Winged words 47
2.2.6 Routine formulae 50
2.3 Special types of PUs 51
2.3.1 Paraphrasal verbs 51
2.3.2 (Restricted) Collocations 51
2.3.3 Rhyming Slang 53
2.3.4 Wellerisms 54
2.4 An onomasiological approach: PUs with special elements 55
2.4.1 PUs containing colour terms 55
2.4.2 PUs containing designations of parts of the body 57
2.4.3 PUs containing proper names 59
Exercises 63
3 Phraseology in Use 71
3.1 PUs as text constituents 71
3.2 Functions of PUs 78
3.2.1 Journalistic texts 78
3.2.2 Literary texts 85
3.3 Metacommunicative signals 87
3.4 Marked uses of PUs 90
3.4.1 Modifications 90
3.4.2 Playing with deliberate ambiguity 97
3.4.3 PUs in combination 104
3.4.4 Non-verbal representations of PUs 104
3.4.5 PUs and proper names 107
Exercises 109
4 Phraseology and Translation 115
4.1 The PU as a translation problem 115
4.2 The translation process 117
4.3 Translation techniques 122
Exercises 132
Supplements (by Rosemarie Gläser) 137
Answer key 143
List of figures and pictures 173
Abbreviations 174
Sources 175
Bibliography 179
Glossary of linguistic terms 189
Index 195
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Index
Aaffix 92
alliteration 25, 28, 44, 45, 65, 145, 189, 190
allusion 11, 18, 37, 46, 49, 50, 75, 78, 79, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 104, 106, 108, 138, ...
ambiguity 35, 72, 79, 93, 94, 97, 99, 101, 107, 109, 164, 166, 170, 189
American English 12, 29, 46, 54, 140, 141, 174
anomaly 26, 27, 31, 146
anti-proverb (see proverb parody) 46, 189
B
Bally, Charles 17
Bible 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 62, 144, 161, 163
(irreversible) binomials 28, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 55, 56, 63, 64, 138, 139
body parts 58, 62
Book of Common Prayer 27
British English 12, 29, 140, 141, 174
Brueg(h)el, Pieter 107
CCarroll, Lewis 134, 155, 170
catchphrase (see winged words)
Chafe, Wallace I. 26, 27, 31, 71, 146
chiasm 94, 181
Chinese 58, 63
Chomsky, Noam 31
Churchill, Winston 98, 143
Cockney English 54, 68, 158
Collins COBUILD Idiom Dictionary 8, 43, 60
collocation 22, 28, 37, 52, 53, 56, 67, 68, 157, 189
- restricted collocation 22, 37, 52, 53, 56
colour 56, 51, 62, 69, 160
comic 50, 62
compensation 118, 131, 169
compound 18, 36, 88, 95, 146, 149, 152, 189
connotation 7, 18, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 56, 73, 87, 107, 118, 126, 129, 131, 137, 139,...
context 47, 54, 56, 69, 71, 72, 73, 97, 121, 122, 132, 144, 152, 162, 163, 165, 169, ...
Cooper, William E. 41, 42, 43, 63, 64, 153
corpus 9, 11, 21, 32, 50, 71, 130
co-text 71, 98, 167
Coulmas, Florian 22, 50, 51
Cowie, Anthony P. 9, 11, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 50, 52, 78
Crystal, David 31, 66, 69, 90
Čermak, František 51
Ddenotative meaning 37, 44, 117, 125, 126, 137, 144, 190
Dickens, Charles 54
Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij 18, 33, 56, 51 , 73, 150
Dutch 51
E
Eco, Umberto 80
equivalence 10, 15, 18, 20, 29, 51, 58, 63, 65, 107, 117-120, 132, 169
Esperanto 12, 39, 192
EUROPHRAS (=European Society for Phraseology Research) 15
expansion (of PUs) 92, 93, 95, 99, 104, 162, 164
Ffalse friend 10, 22, 57, 120, 190
Fernando, Chitra 17, 22, 23, 26, 52
figure of speech (rhetorical figure) 25, 31, 149, 189, 190, 191
film 7, 8, 50, 53, 79, 80, 91/92, 108, 117
Firth, John R. 51
Flavell, Linda 60, 62, 154
Flavell, Roger 17, 27, 60, 62, 154
Fleischer, Wolfgang 9, 37, 68, 147
Földes, Csaba 56
fossilized constituent 28, 39, 44, 146, 152, 164
Fraser, Bruce 26
French 9, 10, 15, 22, 35, 57, 61, 64, 123
G
gambit 39, 50
German 9, 10, 15, 22, 30, 32, 35, 37, 51, 52, 57, 62, 64, 68, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120...
gesture 58, 89, 101, 161
Gläser, Rosemarie 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 23, 24, 28, 35, 37, 38, 51, 53, 118, ...
Greek 16, 46, 48, 148
Greek mythology 60, 62
Greene, Graham 79, 85
Grice, H. Paul 114, 168
HHansen, Klaus 9, 17, 140
Hausa 63, 190
Hausmann, Franz Josef 52
Healey, A. 18
Hockett, Charles F. 15, 17, 18, 32, 148, 149
homophony 84, 91, 94, 190
Howarth, Peter 52, 53, 173
humour 20, 23, 49, 53, 54, 85, 92, 95, 103, 104, 109, 113, 161, 162, 163, 166, 168
Hungarian 57, 62
hyperbole 25, 36, 98, 145, 190
hyponymy 40, 104, 190
Iidiom 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 3...
- kinetic idiom ( see also kinegram) 58
Italian 57, 123
JJapanese 57, 63
Johnson, Mark 42, 151
joke 52, 71, 103, 113, 114, 165, 166, 167, 168
Kkinegram 58, 69, 160
King, Stephen 65, 76, 109, 121, 124, 126, 130, 131
Koestler, Arthur 167, 168
Koller, Werner 115, 117, 121, 125, 169
LLakoff, George 42, 56, 151
Latin 46, 57, 95, 96, 189, 191
lexeme 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 25, 35, 138, 140, 150, 152, 153, 155, 173, 191
lexicalization 21, 22, 27, 37, 94, 137
Litovkina, Anna T. 46
Lodge, David 31, 65, 66, 80, 85, 86, 88, 89, 109, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 131
Longman Dictionary of English Idioms (ILDEI) 8, 9, 15, 16, 44, 58
Labno-Falecka, Ewa 120
MMakkai, Adam 15, 18, 35, 36, 37, 63, 152
Malkiel, Y. 40
mental lexicon 21, 32, 150, 151, 152
metacommunication 50, 81, 87, 88, 89, 99, 156, 161, 191
Mieder, Wolfgang 44, 46, 54, 65, 110, 141, 153, 159
Miller, Arthur 31, 64, 65, 86
Milton, John 27
modification (of PUs) 11, 18, 47, 52, 78, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 104, 109, 110, ...
Momand, Arthur R. 62
Monty Python 20, 25, 85, 104
Moon, Rosamund 16, 18, 28, 33, 50, 71
NNaciscione, Anita 15, 98
nomination 8, 37, 38, 39, 55, 138, 139
non-verbal behaviour 58, 104, 107, 160
Norrick, Neal R. 44, 46, 168
OOxford Collocation Dictionary for Students of English 52
Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English (ODCIE) 8, 9, 16, 26, 174
Oxford English Dictionary (OED)16, 29, 143, 148, 174
Pparemiology 46, 141, 192
paraphrasal verb 51/52, 55
permutation 26, 92, 94, 95, 118
phrasal verb 29, 35, 36, 37, 55, 192
phrasicon 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 28, 35, 37, 39, 43, 52, 55, 115, 123, 141, 152, 192
Piirainen, Elisabeth 56, 57, 62
Pilz, Klaus-Dieter 16
Polish 57, 62
Prague School 37
proper name 48, 55, 59, 61, 62, 107, 148, 192
proverb 11, 16, 18, 21, 30, 36, 37, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 65, 75, 78, 82, 85, 9...
- proverb parody 189
pun 13, 46, 52, 73, 95, 103, 107, 108, 170, 192
- phraseological pun 97, 103, 104, 108, 109, 113, 117, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166
Rreduction (of phraseological constituents) 94, 95, 138, 164, 167
rhyme 25, 45, 53, 54, 91, 163, 192
rhyming slang 50, 53, 54/55, 68, 192
rhythm 25, 96, 170
Roos, Eckhard 35, 38, 39, 40, 50
Ross, John R. 41, 42, 43, 63, 64, 153
routine formula 10, 16, 25, 37, 50, 55, 65, 81, 87, 95, 138, 139, 166, 169, 172
SSalinger, Jerome D. 66, 87, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133
Sapir-Worf hypothesis 56, 69, 159
de Saussure, Ferdinand 32, 147, 148
Shakespeare, William 46, 48, 65
simile (see also stereotyped comparison) 43, 138
slogan (see winged words)
source language 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129, 131, 174, 193
Spanish 57, 62
stability 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 117, 137, 138
STARTREK 49, 95, 96, 155
stereotyped comparison 37, 39, 43, 44, 55, 65, 138
Stevenson, Robert L. 121, 122, 126, 127
Student's Dictionary of Collocations 52
substitution (of phraseological constituents) 90, 92, 95, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 16...
support verb construction (see also paraphrasal verb) 51
synonymy 20, 40, 51, 193
Ttarget language 13, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 170,...
Tolkien, J.R.R. 124
transformational deficiency 26, 27, 145
transformational generative grammar 31, 145, 146
Uunique constituent (see fossilized constituent)
Vvisualization (of PUs) 105-107
Wweb concordancer 52, 66
wellerism 54, 55, 68, 158, 159
Wilde, Oscar 92
winged words 37, 39, 47, 48, 49, 50, 55, 62, 78, 79, 82, 98, 138, 139, 140, 144
Wyler, Siegfried 56
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