| |
| Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Vorwort | V |
| Abkürzungsverzeichnis | XI |
| |
| 1 | Einleitung | 1 |
| |
| 2 | Grundlagen | 7 |
| | 2.1 | Telekommunikationsnetze | 7 |
| | | 2.1.1 | Anforderungen an Telekommunikationsnetze | 8 |
| | | 2.1.2 | Grundbegriffe und Klassifizierung | 9 |
| | | 2.1.3 | Beschreibung von Telekommunikationsnetzen | 15 |
| | 2.2 | ISO-OSI-Referenzmodell | 17 |
| | 2.3 | Hierarchische Netze | 24 |
| | 2.4 | Dimensionierung von Telekommunikationsnetzen | 28 |
| | 2.5 | Physical Layer | 30 |
| | | 2.5.1 | Plesiochrone Digitale Hierarchie | 30 |
| | | 2.5.2 | Synchrone Digitale Hierarchie | 32 |
| | | 2.5.3 | Wavelength Division Multiplexing | 35 |
| | | 2.5.4 | Optical Transport Hierarchy | 37 |
| | 2.6 | Standardisierungsgremien | 39 |
| | 2.7 | Historische Entwicklung | 43 |
| |
| 3 | Data Link Layer | 46 |
| | 3.1 | High Level Data Link Control | 46 |
| | 3.2 | Point-to-Point Protocol | 49 |
| | | 3.2.1 | Funktionalitäten | 49 |
| | | 3.2.2 | Spezielle Anwendungen | 52 |
| | | | 3.2.2.1 | PPP Multilink Protocol | 52 |
| | | | 3.2.2.2 | Tunneling | 53 |
| | | | 3.2.2.3 | PPP over Ethernet | 54 |
| | | | 3.2.2.4 | Packet-over Sonet | 56 |
| | 3.3 | Ethernet | 58 |
| | | 3.3.1 | Einführung | 58 |
| | | 3.3.2 | CSMA/CD und 10 Mbit/s Ethernet | 61 |
| | | | 3.3.2.1 | CSMA/CD | 61 |
| | | | 3.3.2.2 | Ethernet-Rahmen | 63 |
| | | | 3.3.2.3 | PHY Layer | 67 |
| | | 3.3.3 | Fast Ethernet | 69 |
| | | 3.3.4 | Gigabit Ethernet | 71 |
| | | 3.3.5 | 10 Gigabit Ethernet | 74 |
| | | 3.3.6 | 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet | 76 |
| | | 3.3.7 | Link Aggregation | 78 |
| | | 3.3.8 | LAN-Kopplungen | 79 |
| | | | 3.3.8.1 | Repeater/Hub | 79 |
| | | | 3.3.8.2 | Bridge/Switch | 80 |
| | | | 3.3.8.3 | Router | 88 |
| | | 3.3.9 | Weitere Leistungsmerkmale | 88 |
| | | | 3.3.9.1 | Virtuelle LANs und Quality-of-Service | 88 |
| | | | 3.3.9.2 | ARP/RARP | 92 |
| | | | 3.3.9.3 | Ethernet in the First Mile | 93 |
| | | | 3.3.9.4 | Power over Ethernet | 95 |
| | | | 3.3.9.5 | Backplane Ethernet | 95 |
| | | | 3.3.9.6 | Frame Format Extension | 95 |
| | | | 3.3.9.7 | Residential Ethernet | 95 |
| | | 3.3.10 | Carrier Grade Ethernet | 96 |
| | | | 3.3.10.1 | Standardisierte Services | 97 |
| | | | 3.3.10.2 | Skalierbarkeit | 101 |
| | | | | 3.3.10.2.1 | Provider Backbone Bridging | 101 |
| | | | | 3.3.10.2.2 | Provider Backbone Bridging - Traffic Engineering | 104 |
| | | | | 3.3.10.2.3 | MPLS-TP | 105 |
| | | | 3.3.10.3 | Zuverlässigkeit | 107 |
| | | | 3.3.10.4 | Quality-of-Service | 108 |
| | | | 3.3.10.5 | Service Management | 108 |
| | | | 3.3.10.6 | Zusammenfassung und Bewertung | 109 |
| | | | 3.3.10.7 | Resilient Packet Ring | 111 |
| | | | 3.3.10.8 | Generic Framing Procedure | 116 |
| |
| 4 | Network Layer | 123 |
| | 4.1 | Einführung | 123 |
| | 4.2 | IPv4 | 124 |
| | | 4.2.1 | IPv4-Header | 126 |
| | | 4.2.2 | IPv4-Adressen | 131 |
| | | | 4.2.2.1 | Subnetting und Supernetting | 134 |
| | | | 4.2.2.2 | Private und öffentliche IP-Adressen | 135 |
| | | | 4.2.2.3 | Network Address Translation und Port Address Translation
| 135 |
| | | 4.2.3 | Internet Control Message Protocol | 138 |
| | | | 4.2.3.1 | Ping | 140 |
| | | | 4.2.3.2 | Traceroute | 140 |
| | 4.3 | IPv6 | 141 |
| | | 4.3.1 | IPv6-Header | 142 |
| | | | 4.3.1.1 | IPv6 Extension-Header | 143 |
| | | | 4.3.1.2 | Paketgrößen und Fragmentierung | 144 |
| | | 4.3.2 | IPv6-Adressen | 145 |
| | | | 4.3.2.1 | Schreibweise von IPv6-Adressen | 146 |
| | | | 4.3.2.2 | Strukturierung des Adressraums | 147 |
| | | | 4.3.2.3 | Spezielle IPv6-Adressen | 149 |
| | | | 4.3.2.4 | Interface-Adressen | 149 |
| | | | 4.3.2.5 | Offene Probleme der Adressierung bei IPv6 | 150 |
| | | 4.3.3 | ICMPv6 | 151 |
| | | | 4.3.3.1 | Neighbor Discovery | 153 |
| | | | 4.3.3.2 | IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration | 154 |
| | 4.4 | Routing innerhalb eines Autonomen Systems | 155 |
| | | 4.4.1 | Forwarding | 156 |
| | | 4.4.2 | Routing | 164 |
| | | | 4.4.2.1 | Distance-Vector-Routing-Protokolle | 166 |
| | | | 4.4.2.2 | Link-State-Routing-Protokolle | 173 |
| | | | | 4.4.2.2.1 | Intermediate System-to-intermediate System (IS-IS) | 176 |
| | | | | 4.4.2.2.2 | Jigsaw Puzzle | 182 |
| | | | | 4.4.2.2.3 | Shortest Path First Calculation | 183 |
| | | | | 4.4.2.2.4 | Verkehrsunterbrechung bei Änderung der Netztopologie | 191 |
| | | | | 4.4.2.2.5 | Verbesserung der Konvergenzzeit | 197 |
| | | 4.4.3 | Router-Architekturen | 199 |
| | | 4.4.4 | Internes Traffic Engineering | 201 |
| | | | 4.4.4.1 | Erfassung der Verkehrsmatrix | 202 |
| | | | 4.4.4.2 | Optimierung des Routings | 203 |
| | 4.5 | Routing zwischen Autonomen Systemen | 204 |
| | | 4.5.1 | Beziehungen zwischen Autonomen Systemen | 205 |
| | | 4.5.2 | Externes Traffic-Engineering | 205 |
| | 4.6 | Quality of Service und DiffServ | 207 |
| |
| 5 | Shim Layer | 211 |
| | 5.1 | Grundlagen | 213 |
| | 5.2 | MPLS-Forwarding mit IP-Routing | 220 |
| | 5.3 | MPLS mit explizitem Routing | 221 |
| | | 5.3.1 | IS-IS TE | 224 |
| | | 5.3.2 | Path Calculation and Setup | 225 |
| | | 5.3.3 | Lenken von Verkehr in einen TE-Tunnel | 226 |
| | 5.4 | MPLS-Services | 227 |
| | | 5.4.1 | Public IP | 228 |
| | | 5.4.2 | Layer 3 VPN | 229 |
| | | 5.4.3 | Layer 2 und Layer 1 VPN | 232 |
| | | | 5.4.3.1 | Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge | 232 |
| | | | 5.4.3.2 | Virtual Private LAN Services | 236 |
| | | 5.4.4 | MPLS als Service von MPLS | 239 |
| | | 5.4.5 | IPv6 über MPLS | 241 |
| | 5.5 | MPLS-FRR | 242 |
| | | 5.5.1 | Link Protection | 243 |
| | | 5.5.2 | Node Protection | 244 |
| | 5.6 | Optische Control Plane | 247 |
| | | 5.6.1 | GMPLS | 249 |
| | | 5.6.2 | ASON | 257 |
| | | 5.6.3 | Stand der Technik und Bewertung | 260 |
| Literaturverzeichnis | 262 |
| Stichwortverzeichnis | 265 |