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Contents
AbbreviationsVIII
PrefaceIX
1 The Ear 1
1.1 Functional considerations 1
1.1.1 The ear as sensory organ 1
1.1.2.Middle ear matches different impedances 2
1.1.3 Organ of Corti, sensory organ for hearing 3
1.1.4 Ascending and descending pathways for hearing 5
1.1.5 Vestibular organ, the key to postural reflexes and eye movement 5
1.2 History and clinical signs 6
1.2.1 History 6
1.2.2 Clinical signs 7
1.2.3 Physical examination 9
1.3 Special diagnostic techniques 9
1.3.1 Otoscopic examination 10
1.3.2 Diagnostic imaging of the ear 12
1.3.3 Tympanometry 15
1.3.4 Neurological examination for vestibular dysfunction 16
1.3.5 Hearing tests 16
1.4 Congenital diseases of the ear 19
1.4.1 Congenital deformity of the external ear 19
1.4.2 Congenital deafness 19
1.5 Inflammatory diseases of the ear ...21
1.5.1 Primary and secondary skin diseases of the auricle 21
1.5.2 Perichondritis and chondritis of the auricle 23
1.5.3 Cold agglutination and cutaneous vasculitis of the auricle 24
1.5.4 Inflammatory diseases of the external ear canal 24
1.5.5 Inflammation of the tympanic membrane 30
1.5.6 Inflammatory disease of the middle ear 30
1.5.7 Labyrinthitis 34
1.6 Tumors of the ear 35
1.6.1 Malignant tumors of the auricle 35
1.6.2 Malignant tumors of the external ear canal 36
1.6.3 Tumors of the middle ear 37
1.7 Trauma to the ear 37
1.7.1 Trauma to the auricle 37
1.7.2 Auricular hematoma 38
1.7.3 Trauma to the external ear canal ...38
1.7.4 Trauma to the tympanic membrane 39
1.7.5 Trauma to the temporal bone 40
1.8 Ototoxicity 41
1.9 Hearing in dogs and cats 42
1.9.1 Hearing and hearing loss in dogs ...43
1.9.2 Brain stem auditory evoked responses in dogs 43
1.9.3 Hearing and hearing loss in cats ...46
1.9.4 Brain stem auditory evoked responses in cats 46
2 The Nose and Nasal Sinuses 51
2.1 Functional considerations 51
2.1.1 Regulation and conditioning of the inspiratory and expiratory airflow ...
2.1.2 Mucosal cleaning 52
2.1.3 Olfaction 53
2.1.4 Specific functional systems 53
2.2 History and clinical signs 53
2.2.1 History 53
2.2.2 Clinical signs 54
2.2.3 Physical examination 55
2.3 Special diagnostic techniques 55
2.3.1 Diagnostic imaging 56
2.3.2 Rhinoscopy 57
2.3.3 Olfactory tests 59
2.4 Congenital diseases of the nose and nasal sinuses 60
2.4.1 Congenital malformation of the nasal plane 60
2.4.2 Nasal dermoid sinus cysts 62
2.4.3 Congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistula 62
2.4.4 Congenital malformation of the frontal sinuses 62
2.4.5 Congenital ciliary dysfunction 62
2.5 Rhinitis and sinusitis 63
2.5.1 Infectious rhinitis and sinusitis 63
2.5.2 Noninfectious rhinitis and sinusitis 68
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Subject Index
Aabscess 7
- , auricle 37
acoustic reflex 2
air conduction of stimuli 20, 46
albinism 20
alopecia 23
- , auricles 23
alterations in epidermal formation 22
amplitude of wave I 44
amplitude of wave V 45
amplitude ratio 45
ampullae 5
analog-to-digital converter 18
antineoplastic drugs 42
antiparasitic drugs 25
antiseborrheic shampoos 22
ascending auditory nerve 5
Aspergillus infection 29
atopy 21
audiometer 18
auditory canal 1
auditory nerve fibers 1
auditory nervous system 5
auditory system
- , conductive part 43
- , sensorineural part 43
auditory tube 2
auricle 1, 7
- , abscess 37
- , alopecia 23
- , amputation 35
- , cellulitis 23
- , chondritis 23
- , cold agglutination 24
- , congenital malformation 19
- , cutaneousvasculitis 24
- , deformed 24
- , dermatitis 21
- , erythema 21
- , hematoma 7, 38
- , inspection 9
- , malignant tumors 35
- , perichondritis 23
- , removal 35
- , skin diseases
- , primary 21
- , secondary 21
- , temperature 7
- , thickening 7
- , trauma 37
Bbacterial culture 29
bacterial toxins 31
bacteriological examination of exudate 10
BAER 17
balance organ 3
basal cell carcinoma 35 f.
basilar membrane 3 f.
behavioral test 16
BERA 17
body
- , stabilization 16
bone conduction 46
bone-conducted brain stem evoked potentials 19
bony labyrinth 3
brain tumors 46
brain stem auditory evoked potentials and head
- size 46
brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) 17
- , cats 46- , dogs 43- , to click 43
brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) 17
branchial arches 1 and 2 19
bulla osteotomy 33 , diagnostic 37 , ventral 34
Ccanine immunoglobulins 24
cartilaginous ossification 23
cauliflower ear 38
cell death 22
cell renewal 22
cellulitis
- , auricular 23
central compensatory mechanisms 8
cerebellum
- , vestibular part 16
cerumen 7, 24
- , accumulated 24
- , composition 24
ceruminous glands 1, 8
change in pressure in the middle ear 15
Cheyletiella
- , blakei 22
- , yasguri 22
cholesteatoma 31, 33 f.
chondritis 23, 29
chronic inflammation 21
circling 41
clear away debris 11
clearing mechanism 24
click stimuli 18, 47
cochlea 3, 5
- , histology of the development 20
- , inner ear 1
cochlear duct 3
- , membranous 3
cochlear microphonics 41
cochlear nerve 3
- , electrical potential in the fibers 4
cochlear nucleus 1, 5
compensatory mechanisms 35
compliance 15
computed tomography (CT 12
contact hypersensitivity 21
- , caused by medications 22
contrast medium 14
coronal scan 13
cortex 1
Corti
- , organ of 3
crest
- , mesoderm 19
- , neural 19
crusting 23
CT 12
culture testing 30
cuticular plate 4
cystadenomas 36
DDalmatian dogs
- , deafness 20
dandruff 22
data acquisition software 18
deafness
- , acquired 19
- , congenital 19, 43, 46
- , caused by a genetic defect 20- , hereditary
- , associated with disorders of pigmentation 20
- , unilateral 21
Deiter's cells 3 demodicosis 22
densitometric reading 13
depigmentation 23
depolarization 4 dermatitis 22
- , secondary 22
deviation of the eyes 41
diagnostic imaging 12
different stimulations , threshold 45
drug allergy 24
Eear canal
- , cleaning by flushing 25
- , congenital atresia 19- , diameter
- , palpable local increase 9
- , examination 10
- , external
- , abscess around the distal part 39
- , bleeding 39
- , - , continuity 39
- , diagnostic imaging 12
- , - , foreign bodies 25
- , , inflammatory diseases 24- , - , inspection 9
- , interruption 39
- , - , malignant tumor 36
- , massive purulent discharge 30
- , ossification 28 f.
- , polyp 32
- , stenosis 39
- , trauma 38
- , horizontal part 9
- , increase in the microflora 24
- , removal 27, 36
- , resection technique 28
- , vertical part 9
ear mite infestation 25
ectoderm 19
electrical potential in the fibers of the cochlear
- nerve 4
endocrinopathies 22
endolymph 3 f.
epithelial elements , primary degeneration 20
epithelial layer , proliferating external
- , vascularization 30
epithelial migration 40
epitympanutn 2 equilibrium 16
erosion 28
eustachian tube 2
- , dysfunction 30
- , - , major cause 31
- , function 15
- , obstruction
- , major cause 31
excessive hair in the entrance 10
excessive scaling 10
external ear 1
- , congenital deformity 19
- , disease
- , signs 7
- , inflammation 7
- , sensory innervation 24
exudate
- , bacteriological examination 10
eyes
- , abnormal positioning 16
Ffacial nerve 32
- , motor innervation from 24
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