Index


0^th moment 646
180-LI 419, 453
1^8t moment 646
2D imaging 47
2D TOF 649
2^nd moment 646
3 tier architecture 912, 947, 982
360-LI 418, 453
3D application 897
3D imaging 788, 811
3D TOF 649
³He lung imaging 711
4D imaging 813


A
aberration 21
ablation therapy 694
absorption line 155
absorption spectrum 699
accommodation 21
acoustic absorption 187
acoustic impedance 186, 197
acoustic intensity 187, 192
acoustic lenses 190
acoustic pressure 185, 194
acoustic waves 185
action potential 30
active matrices 334
adaptation 29, 31, 248
ADC 332
AEC-sensor(s) 311
aliases 221
aliasing 223, 744, 760
A-mode 197
amorphous silicon 334, 826
analog digital converter 332
Anger camera 506
Anger localization 512
angiography 346, 353
angular momentum 144-145
anisotropic diffusion 672
anode 265, 272, 280, 395
anode temperature 289
antennas 541, 570
anti scatter grid(s) 311, 350, 396
aperture compounding 780
apodization 704
apparent diffusion coefficient 712
apparent diffusion tensor 163
application architecture 910, 915, 955
application programming interface 948
application server 907
application software 945, 948
application template 907
applications 893, 906
archiving application 900
area detector CT 488
array coils 619
arrays 202, 574, 734, 789
arterial spin labelling 670
artifacts 214, 428, 590
asynchronous communication 919
attenuation 738
attenuation coefficient 215
autocorrelation function 148, 164, 205, 225
autocorrelation time 150
autofluorescence 854
automatic exposure control 301, 310, 396
autotracking 814
axial resolution 198, 735
azimuthal 736


B
B₁ field 153
backend component(s) 913, 919
backprojection 239, 415
backup/restore service 925
barcodes 970
baseband signal 739
beam hardening 430
beam profile 737
beamformer 746
binomial excitation 613
bio heat equation 208
bioeffects 207
biological effects 135
bioluminescence 874
biopsies 693
birdcage 570
Bloch equations 146, 178
blood brain barrier 867
blood oxygenation level dependent contrast 679
blood velocities 194
B-mode 733, 759, 773, 794
BOLD 670, 679
BOLD imaging 643
Boltzmann statistics 145
breast tissue 394
bremsstrahlung 119, 823
bubble 782
build up plates 827-828
business logic 918


C
CAD system 931, 936
calibration 381
candidate generation 935
cardiac CT 470
cardiac function 484
cardiac transducers 815
cardiology 355, 534, 835
cardiovascular MR 688
C-arm 109, 353, 359, 378, 381
C-arm CT 393
cathode 265
cathode ray tube 244, 250
cavitation 195, 207
CCD 99, 329, 401, 853
center of gravity algorithm 512
centric elliptical encode order 665
cesium iodide 318, 336
characteristic radiation 120
charge converters 132
charge coupled device 326, 401
chemical shift 165, 699
chemical shift artifact 607
chemical shift imaging 700
chronaxie 596
cine phase contrast 659
circular polarized field 152
circular polarized high frequency magnetic field 574
CIS 358
classification 936
classifier 937
clinical information systems 952
clinical workflow 967
clutter 737
clutter filter 763
CMOS sensors 333
CMOS technology 349
coherent scattering 130
coil localization 697
coil losses 564
coil tuning 580
coincidence detection 526
collimator 359, 445, 506
collimator sensitivity 510
collimator(s) 508
color Doppler 206, 744, 763, 796
color encoding 797
color flow 733
color power see power color
combined systems 490
complex signal 205, 740
component architecture 910
component manager 917
component runtime management 915
componentware 910
compound scan 201
compound transmit focus 754
compounding 779, 805
Compton effect 127
Compton scattering 824
computed radiography 400
computed tomography 231, 413, 844, 878
computer aided detection 403, 931
computer aided diagnosis 931
concomitant gradients 555
cone angle 451
Cone beam CT 378
cone beam(s) 238, 460, 475, 828
configuration service 925
containers 909
containerware 910
contrast 178-180, 256, 428, 824
contrast agent(s) 151, 385, 602, 643, 670, 691, 782, 803, 871
contrast detail resolution 44
contrast enhanced MR angiography 660
contrast harmonic imaging 803
contrast resolution 27, 45, 323, 379, 584
contrast sensitivity 214, 246
contrast to noise ratio 214
coronary artery 818
coronary calcification 479
coronary CT 482
coronary imaging 692
correlation coefficient 682
correlation time 151
counting detectors 403
cross entropy 640
cross relaxation 167
cryostat 550
C-scan 202
CSI sequences 702
CT 231
CT angiography 482
CT detector 448
CT screening 486
customer relationship management 952
CW-Doppler 761, 795
cyclotrons 525


D
dark blood 616, 653
dataflow 934
decision support systems 931
density 233
deoxyhemoglobin 678
departmental information system(s) 953, 974
depth gain control 198
detection 931
detective quantum efficiency 227, 343, 826
detector technologies 447
diagnosis 931
DICOM 920
DICOM standard 896
dielectric resonance 547
diffraction 190
diffusion 161, 174
diffusion encoding 673
diffusion imaging 672, 712
diffusion spectral imaging 674
diffusion tensor 672, 675
diffusion weighted EPI 618, 673
diffusion weighted imaging 688
diffusion weighted signal 673
digital beamformer 755
digital cine mode 354, 367
digital fluoro radiography 314
digital hospital 983
digital mammography 399
digital subtraction angiography 315, 368
digitization 332
direct conversion 334, 337, 400
dispersion line 155
dispersion spectrum 699
displacement propagator 161
display 244, 259, 765
DNA 135
documentation 377
Doppler effect 193, 739
Doppler flow 733
Doppler processing 761
Doppler spectrum 204, 742, 762, 799
Doppler tissue imaging 818
dose 301, 388, 468
dose modulation 476
dose profiles 432
dosimeter 829
dosimetric quantities 133
double resonance 166
double z-sampling 466
DQE 227, 334, 343
driven equilibrium 617
dual energy method 345
dual energy subtraction 403
dynamic equilibrium 158
dynamic nuclear polarization 710, 715
dynamic range 258, 341, 566, 569
dynavision 371


E
ECG gating 471
ECG triggering 471
echo planar imaging 611
echo sharing see shared echo
echo time 645
echoes 190, 734, 756
eddy current 556
effective dose 138
effective transverse relaxation time 155
electric power losses 546
electromagnetic radiation 124
electromagnetic spectrum 19
electromagnetic tracking 101
electron beam 275
electron beam CT 493
electron optical system 320
electron spin resonance 143, 715
electronic master person index 960
electronic medical record 952, 964
electronic patient record 378
element directivity 751
embedded decision support 973
emitter 265
endoscopy 842, 849
energy absorption 132
energy flux density 122
energy level 145
energy resolution 505
ensemble average propagator 162
enterprise resource planning 950
entrance dose 135
entrance surface air kerma 135
entrance surface dose 135
EPI 611, 672
equilibrium magnetization 147
Ernst angle 159
excitation pulse 152
exposure 371
exposure control 309, 312
exposure time 302
eye 19


F
fan beam 414
fast imaging with steady precession 161
fast low angle shot 160
FDK algorithm 239
feature extraction 936
Feldkamp algorithm 378
field emission displays 250
field stability 543
filament 269, 271, 306
filling factor 564
film 132, 316
film system(s) 350, 396, 825
filming application 899
filter kernel 236
filtered backprojection 235, 461, 519
filtration 122, 395
fine splitting 166
FISP 610
FLASH 160, 607
flat (panel) detector(s) 333, 340, 348, 351, 380, 389, 401, 489
flat panel imager 826
flatfielding 331, 338
flattening filter 823
flip angle 645
flow 163, 202
flow compensation 646
flow imaging 744
fluid attenuated inversion recovery 688
fluorescence 133
fluorescence optical imaging 876
fluoroscopic triggering 665
fluoroscopy 312, 316, 346, 352, 366
flying focal spot tubes 278
focal spot 272, 278, 300, 350
focal spot temperature 290
focus 190, 272
focusing process 748
focusing time delays 749
Fourier slice theorem 234
Fourier space 172, 234
Fourier transform(ation) 149, 155, 163, 172, 204, 217, 233, 415, 423, 638, 699, 740, 761
frame transfer CCD 329
frameworks 909
free induction decay 147, 153
frequency compounding 780, 808
fringe field 545
front end component(s) 913, 919
F-test 682
full frame CCD 329
functional imaging 678


G
gamma camera 506
gamma curve 364
gantry 439, 529
gating 635
Gauss Newton method 639
general administrative information systems 951
general ledger systems 952
general linear model statistics 682
generator 350, 359, 443
geometrical distortions 214
geometrical optics 21
ghosting 590
gradient coils 541, 557
gradient echo 599, 605, 646
gradient power supply 561
gradient strength 555, 559
gradient switching 595
gradient system 554
graphics adapters 59
graphics processors 767
grating lobes 750
gray matter 19, 602


H
Hanafy lens 771
hard copy 244
harmonic imaging 738, 753, 801
harmonics 773
healthcare administration systems 951
heat dissipation 295
high frequency generator 304
Hubert transform 237
HIS 943
homogeneous coordinates 240, 382
hospital information system(s) 358, 894, 943, 949
hospital processes 951, 953
Hounsfield units 416
human resources systems 952
human visual system 244
hydrogen nuclei 147
hyperpolarization 710
hyperpolarized ³He 712
hypertext markup language 946
hypertext transmission protocol 946


I
image contrast 215
image fusion 62
image intensifier 312, 316, 346
image intensifiers 389
image pick up tubes 327
image pre-processing 338
image quality 255, 386, 579
image reconstruction 231
image registration 639
image rendering 47
image sensor 324
image viewer 897
imaging chain 364
imaging probes 864
in phase 607
incoherent scattering 127
indicator dilution theory 672
indirect conversion 334-335, 400
input screens 318
installation software 925
integrated OR 856
integrated workplaces 979
integration 888
interline transfer CCD 329
intervention 107, 357, 842
interventional angiography 837, 839
interventional imaging 634
interventional MR 693
interventional procedures 354, 361, 836
interventional radiology 92
intracardiac probes 816
intraoperative imaging 96, 842
inversion recovery 157, 614, 691
inverter type generators 303
ionization chamber(s) 134
iron yoke magnets 552
iterative reconstruction 520


K
kerma 133, 300
kernel 236, 415
keyhole methods 633
Klein-Nishina formula 129
k-space 172, 610, 620, 632, 638, 642


L
Langmuir-Child relation 267
laparoscope 851
Laplace equation 549
Larmor frequency 146
late enhancement 690
layergram 236
layers of functionality 944
ligand 866
light emitting diode displays 250
line integral(s) 232, 414
line spread function 217
line width 155
linear accelerator 821
linear polarized field 152
linear system(s) theory 175, 216
lipids 865
liquid bearing 286
liquid crystal display 244, 250, 334
local area network 945
local illumination 56
local pick up coils 541
local receiver coils 619
localization 98
longitudinal magnetization 153
longitudinal relaxation 158
longitudinal relaxation time 147, 149
low contrast detectability 427
low contrast resolution 387
low radiation doses 140
luminance 246, 256
luminescence 132
luminescent screen 315


M
magnetic deflection 279
magnetic dipole moment 144
magnetic field 144, 152
magnetic field homogeneity 542
magnetic field inhomogeneities 155
magnetic forces 594
magnetic moment 145
magnetic resonance 143
magnetic resonance imaging 143, 170, 845, 871
magnetic resonance imaging system 540
magnetization 145
magnetization preparation 653
magnetization transfer 151, 648
main magnet 541
mammogram 394
mammography 312, 344, 393
matching network 573
matrix coil arrays 577
matrix coils 705
matrix spectroscopy 705
maximum intensity projection 53, 384, 435, 667
Maxwell gradients 555
mechanical index 210, 803
metabolites 699
microbubbles 803
Middleware 945
miyabi 837
M-mode see TM-mode
modality performed procedure step 895
modality specific post-processing applications 902
mode matrix 577
model based analysis 681
modulation transfer function 217, 273, 323, 342, 422
molecular imaging 536, 855, 863
molecular motion 148
motion artifacts 429
motion correction 635, 681
motional narrowing 149
move during scan 629
MR angiography 643
MR safety 592
MR spectroscopy 698
MR system 579
MTF 217, 342, 422
multi echo imaging 599
multi modality workstations 904
multi row arrays 770
multi slice CT 434, 438
multi slice linear interpolation 453
multi-planar-reformation 48, 434
multiple plane reconstruction 83, 462
multivariate data analysis 683
mutations 135
mutual information 71, 641


N
natural radiation 139
navigation 96, 348
navigator(s) 636, 674, 681
needle visualization 693
nerve cells 25
nervous system 19
network structure 945
networking application 900
networks 945
neural processing 36
neurology 534
neuron 19
neurosurgery 96
neurosurgical workplace 858
noise 44, 169, 198-199, 214, 224, 258, 331, 424, 738
noise equivalent count rate 530
noise equivalent quanta 425
noise figure 564
noise power spectrum 225, 343, 425
nominal air kerma rate 134
non rigid registration 74
nuclear imaging 869
nuclear magnetic resonance 146
nuclear medicine 88, 503
nuclear Overhauser effect 166
nuclear Overhauser enhancement 706
nucleic acid sequences 865


O
objects 908, 920
oncology 532, 832
operating room 842
operating system 944
opposed phase 607
optical illusions 38
optical image 315
optical imaging 873
optical imaging system 19
optical pumping 710-711
optical tracking 99
organ movement 96
orthohydrogen 713
output screens 322
Overhauser effect 715
over-operator 55
oxyhemoglobin 678


P
pair production 124
panoramic imaging 809
parahydrogen 713
parahydrogen induced polarization 710, 713
parallel imaging techniques 577, 619, 628, 676
paramagnetic ions 151
partial volume artifacts 429
particle velocity 186
patient administration system 958
patient browser 896
patient monitoring 356, 363
patient motion 674
patient table 360, 439
penetration 738
perfusion 194, 669
perfusion estimation 786
perfusion imaging 639, 690
perfusion weighted imaging 688
peripheral nerve stimulation 595
perivision 369
permanent magnets 552
PET 490, 516, 524, 869
PET detectors 527
PET/CT 492, 830
phase contrast angiography 655
phase cycling 701
phase dispersion 646
phase effect 643
phase encoding 620
phase sensitive detection 155
phase shift 655
photocathode 319-320
photodynamic diagnostics 854
photoelectric effect 124
photoelectrons 317
photomultiplier 504
picture archiving and communication system 977
piezoelectric effect 199
pile up effect 514
pitch 453
pitch factor 419
planar reformation 47
planigraphy 230
plasma display panels 250
point resolved spectroscopy 701
point spread function 217, 237, 422
Poisson distribution 505
Poisson equation 275
Poisson statistics 224
polarization 710, 715
portal imaging 821
positron emission 503
positron emitters 524
post processing 374
power color 206
power Doppler 798
power spectrum 425
precession 146, 152
presaturation 648
PRESS 701
preventive care 486
programming languages 908
projection matrix 383
projection reconstruction 237
projection(s) 171, 230, 233, 414, 610
projective coordinates 240
prospective methods 636
prostate examinations 708
proteins 865
proton decoupling 706
proton density weighted imaging 603
PSIF 610
pulse coding 779
pulse echo process 757
pulse height 504
pulse inversion 775, 784
pulse sequence 178, 541, 599
pulse sequence control unit 541
pulse shaping 774
pulsed gradient spin echo 161
pulsed wave Doppler 742
PW-Doppler 744, 795


Q
Q factor 564
q-space 164, 677
quality factor 169
quantum noise 424, 426
quenching 551
query/retrieve application 901


R
radial acquisition 610
radial sampling 633
radiation damage 135-136
radiation oncology 91
radiation output 134
radiation risk 136
radiation therapy 821
radio frequency coil 541
radiography 310, 316, 340, 344, 350
radiology information system 358, 975
radiology workflow 974, 978
Radon transformation 233
Rayleigh scattering 130, 189
real time imaging 631
receive path 568
receiver 568
receiver operating characteristic 42
reconstruction 384, 415
redundant array of independent disks 948
reflection 187
registration 62, 65, 104
regulations 207
relaxation 147-148
relaxation times 602
relay optics 326
repetition time 645
reporting 377
resistive magnets 552
resolution 736
resonator(s) 541, 570
retina 20, 25
retrospective gating 636
reusable software 890
revenue management 961
RF field strength 563
RF heating 597
RF losses 546
RF penetration 547
RF power 152, 169
RF pulse 153
RF system 563
rheobase 596
Richardson-Dushman equation 266
rigid transformation 66
RIS 358
road mapping 367
roadmap 633
ROC analysis 44
rotating anodes 283, 307
rotating envelope 278, 288, 297
rotating frame 152
rotation 638
runtime architecture 916


S
sampling 424
sampling theorem 173, 202, 222, 234
SAR 598
SAR reduction 627
saturation 151, 167, 612, 645, 706
saturation current 266
scan conversion 765
scattering 124
scintillation detector 504
scintillator 826
second quantum sink 323
security management 923
segmentation 48
segmented EPI 676
segmented k-space 651, 675
selective excitation 175
semiconductor γ-detectors 523
semiconductor sensor 311
sense organs 18
SENSE technique 622
sensitivity 33, 42, 934
sensitivity calibration 624
sensitivity encoding 622
sensitivity profiles 619
sequential focus 753
service oriented architecture 948
services 888, 921, 948
shared echo 604
shear-warp-factorization 52
Shepp-Logan kernel 237, 415
shielding 550
shim coils 541
shimming 553, 581
shock wave pulses 195
Shock waves 194
shot noise 326, 331
signal coil 169
signal sampling 219
signal to noise performance 621
signal to noise ratio 168, 224, 326, 573, 588
silicon drift detectors 523
simplex algorithm 641
simultaneous acquisition of
spatial harmonics 620
single photon emission 503
single voxel spectroscopy 700
skin contact 732
slew rate 555, 559
slice profile 177
slice sensitivity profile 433
slim algorithm 419
slip ring technology 417
slot scanning systems 402
SMASH technique 620
Soarian™ 957
soft copy 244, 403
software 888
software architecture 889, 904, 926
software components 909
software platform(s) 888, 905
software terminology 908
solid state detectors 360
sonography 404, 792
sound velocity 185
space charge 267
spatial compounding 806
spatial distortion 586, 589
spatial filtering 365
spatial resolution 26, 144, 174, 200, 214, 216, 255, 323, 364, 386, 508, 530, 583
specific absorption rate 598
specificity 43, 934
speckle 201, 735
SPECT 490, 503, 514, 870
SPECT/CT 492, 830
spectral density 149
spectral Doppler 733, 739
spectroscopy 165, 698
spectrum 699
spherical navigators 638
spin 146
spin coupling 166-167
spin echo 156, 599
spin echo imaging 602
spiral CT 417, 434
spiral interpolation 456
spiral sampling 633
spiral scan 453
steady state 158
steady state free precession 158, 607
STEAM 700
Stefan-Boltzmann law 289
stimulated echo 157
stimulated echo acquisition mode 700
stimulation monitor 596
stimulus presentation 680
storage phosphor 133, 316
strain 786, 816
stress echo 816
stroke 686
stroke protocol 687
style guide 891, 904
superconducting magnet 548
superparamagnetic nanoparticles 866
superparamagnetic substances 671
supply chain management 952
surface coils 574, 700
surface rendering 49, 668
surface shaded display 53, 384, 435
surgery 89, 107
surgical navigation 96
syncopation 652
syngo architecture 907, 913-914
syngo communication model 919
syngo platform 890, 927
syngo product line 904
synthetic line 758
system control 579
system dose 135
system management service 925
system theory 214


T
T₁ weighted imaging 602
T₂ weighted imaging 602
T₂* relaxation 678
target 123
targets for molecular imaging 865
task card 891
t-distribution 682
television camera 324
temporal resolution 34
texture 735
texture mapping 59
TFT 334
thermal equilibrium 146
thermal index 209
thermionic emission 265
thermo monitoring 694
thin film transistor 334
third order scattering 785
three tiered architecture see 3 tiered architecture
three-dimensional vision 36
time delay beamforming 756
time gain control 198
time of flight 643
tissue ablation 151
tissue equalization 814
TM-mode 200, 793
TOF MR angiography 687
tomography 230
total imaging matrix 578
tracking 101
tracking endovascular devices 696
transducer(s) 199, 734, 768
transesophageal imaging 790
transfer function 56, 217
transition probabilities 167
transmit path 565
transmitter 565
transversal magnetization 154
transverse relaxation 157
transverse relaxation time 147, 149
treatment planning 91
triggering 635, 652
true FISP 161, 608
t-test 681
tumorous tissue 602
tungsten 123, 270-271, 284
tungsten filament 269
turbo spin echo 604


U
ultrasound 184, 363, 732, 846, 878
ultrasound impedances 200
ultrasound pulses 193
ultrasound transducer see transducer(s)
uniform resource locator 946
user interface 374, 891, 914, 965
user interface logic 918


V
valvular function 690
vascular intervention 695
vascular resistance 800
veiling glare 256, 323
velocity compensation 646
ventricular function 689
vessel tracking 668
viewing application 897
virtual private network 945
visual system 245
visualization 47, 62, 83, 97, 381, 384, 696, 868
volume data 434
volume flow 800
volume rendering 50, 59, 86, 385, 435


W
wall motion 689
water molecules 151
water suppression 702
wave optics 187
web based interface 928
web services 910
Wehnelt electrode 265, 276
Whitakker reconstruction 642
white matter 19, 602, 674
whole body contrast enhanced MRA 666
whole body imaging 628
wide algorithm 418
wide band harmonic imaging 802
Wiener spectrum 225
windowing 47, 365
workflow 888, 893, 953, 971
workflow management system 957


X
X-ray detectors 132
X-ray generator(s) 300
X-ray image 315
X-ray imaging 843
X-ray production 118
X-ray spectrum 300
X-ray tube(s) 123, 264, 280, 292, 305, 350, 359, 444